... individual updates from a typical RIP process may be from 25 to 35 seconds. The specific random variable used by Cisco IOS, RIP_JITTER, subtracts up to 15% (4.5 seconds) from the update time. ... synchronization. The RIP updates from Cisco routers vary from 25.5 to 30 seconds, as shown in the delta times of these updates. Several other timers are employed by RIP. Recall from Chapter 4, "Dynamic ... set II. To start with, set I is empty. From then onwards we perform the following two steps repeatedly. Step 1. The shortest branch of set II is removed from this set and added to set I. As...