... commerce andtrade,andadvertisingwith a distinctmultinationalslant. In a trendsimilartothat in NorthAmerica, the outlyingaffluentareashaveincreasinglyattractedcommerce,retail and ... canafforditspendanestimatedR50billion[$4.8billion] a yearonprivatesecurity,suchasperimeterbarricades,armedguardsandalarmsystems, a figure‘overandabove the highinsurancecosts’andwhatvariousstateagenciesalreadyspendon‘maintainingwhatpassesforlawandorder in the country’. The fearofcrimehasdrivenresidentsofmiddle-classneighbourhoodstoturntheirhomesintobunker-likefortresses,anexpensethathasdrainedmanyhouseholdsofdiscretionaryspending.Almost a fifthof ... thataspireto world- class’status.1 In the main,muchofthisscholarlywriting about urbanrivalrieshascrystallisedaround a researchagendathathascometobeknownas the ‘global...