... which the automatic controller produces the control signal is called
the
control action.
Figure
3-7
is a block diagram of an industrial control system, which
Automatic controller
I_____ ... impulse.)
3-3
AUTOMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEMS
A
control system may consist of a number of components. To show the functions
performed by each component, in control engineering, we commonl...
... PI controller 54
3.5 PD controller 57
3.5.1 The practical D component - the DT
1
element 60
3.6 PID controller 61
3.6.1 Block diagram of the PID controller 62
4 Control loops with continuous controllers ... seconds or even
shorter.
! industrial process control
! drive control (speed control)
! control of electrical variables
! positional control
! course control
31
2 The proce...
... temperature control system 6
1.3.2 Aircraft elevator control 7
1.3.3 Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC)
machine tool 8
1.3.4 Ship autopilot control system 9
1.4 Summary 10
1.4.1 Control system ... hydraulic actuators 75
4.5 Controllers for closed-loop systems 81
4.5.1 The generalized control problem 81
4.5.2 Proportional control 82
4.5.3 Proportional plus Integral (PI) control...
... digital control of a given analog control system.
3. Explain the structure and components of a typical digital control system.
In most modern engineering systems, there is a need to control the ... digital controllers more economical
even for small, low-cost applications.
1.2 THE STRUCTURE OF A DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEM
To control a physical system or process using a digital con...
... behind the controller,
all that the operating system sees is the interface to the controller, which may be
quite different from the interface to the device.
Because each type of controller ... different software is needed to
control each one. The software that talks to a controller, giving it commands and
accepting responses, is called a device driver. Each controller manufacturer has ....
... sensor,
converter etc.
= Control loop
components of the
control loop
components of the
final control equipment
Actuator (controlling system) Actuating drive
+
Final control element
(controlled system)
Closure ... diagram of a control loop
controlling
element
measuring
equipment
controller
final
control
element
system
actuator
signal flow diagram
of closed loop control
elements a...