... space
created by the relief behind the cutting
edge or margin of a reamer.
Cutting Edge: The cutting edge is
the leading edge of the land in the
direction of rotation for cutting.
Flutes: The flutes are ... fluted cutting tool to smooth,
enlarge, or accurately size an existing
hole. Reaming is performed using the
same types of machines as drilling.
A reamer is a rotary cutting too...
... chipbreakers is followed by a cutting
edge. The finishing teeth complete the
job. Chipbreakers are vital on round
broaching tools. Without the
chipbreakers, the tools would machine
ring-shaped ... to
support the cutting teeth. Only the
cutting teeth extend beyond the hole
diameter to cut the keyway. Bushings
or horns are not required.
Burnishers: Burnishers are broach-
ing tools de...
... spiral-fluted bottoming tap.
(Courtesy: Morse Cutting Tools)
FIGURE 11.13: Straight and spiral-
fluted pipe taps and a T-handle tap
wrench. (Courtesy: Morse Cutting Tools)
Taps are used for threading a ... break. They are con-
FIGURE 11.17: Combination drill and tap tools are used
for one-pass drilling and tapping (Courtesy: Morse Cutting
Tools)
FIGURE 11.16: An automated multih...
... also called Hot
Hardness
Toughness: Toughness of cutting
tools is needed so that tools don’t chip
or fracture, especially during interrupt-
ed cutting operations.
Wear Resistance: Wear resistance
means ... Wear resistance
means the attainment of acceptable tool
life before tools need to be replaced.
The materials from which cutting
tools are made are all characteristically
hard...
... of the
cutting tool, are dependent on the multi-
tude of cutting conditions and especial-
ly on the cutting speeds and cutting flu-
ids.
Aside from the sudden premature
breakage of the cutting ... Single Point Cutting Tools
The metal cutting tool separates chips
from the workpiece in order to cut the
part to the desired shape and size. There
is a great variety of metal cuttin...
... careful selection of
cutting geometry and speed. Positive
rake tools are often preferred on these
materials to minimize part deflection
and to reduce cutting temperatures in
the cutting zone. The ... when cutting cast iron.
Tool life may be defined as the peri-
od of time that the cutting tool performs
efficiently. Many variables such as
material to be machined, cutting tool
mat...
... insert, behind
the nose.
4.5 Cutting Conditions
After deciding on the machine tool and
cutting tool, the following main cutting
conditions have to be considered:
• Cutting speed
• Depth of cut
• ... metal cutting. Except at the
beginning and end of the cut, the forces on the cutting tool and the tool tip temperature
are essentially constant. For the special case of facing, the vary...
... relatively
unskilled person for mass producing machined parts. The cutting tools were preset, or
“set up” by a skilled machinist, and usually several cutting tools were in operation at the
same time, reducing ... cuts.
• Combined cuts can be made; tools on
the cross slide can be used at the same
time that tools on the turret are cutting.
• Rigidity in holding work and tools is...
... diagram
Velocity
40°
Cutting
stroke
220°
140°
Return
stroke
1.0
1.6
R
e
t
u
r
n
Velocity diagram
Forward cutting speed
Return speed (b)
Velocity
Return
stroke
(faster)
Shaper ram
Cutting
stroke
4-way
valve
Pump
Tank
Motor
Base
Ram ... single point tools and cut only in straight lines. They
both make the same types of cuts.
The shaper handles relatively small work. The planer handles w...