... States (n=1286 fathers; 19% Hispanic, 70% African American, and 8% Caucasian) with a comparison sample of married parents (n=473 fathers; 25% Hispanic, 37% African American, and 32% Caucasian). ... comparison with married women listing both parent’s names. Increased risks remained after stratifying by maternal race, age, adequacy of prenatal care and medical risks, and congenital malformations, ... 25 years of age; have 12 or fewer years of education; be African American; have received late or less than adequate prenatal care; have smoked during pregnancy; be primigravid; and to have...