Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 27 pptx

... assumption and of the entire functional-projection 27 This is part of an larger programmatic restriction of ‘‘economy of expression’’, whereforms appear only in the c -structure of the sentence if they ... Grim-shaw (1992) suggest hybrids of the second and third approaches. Theyhave functional categories, but these are viewed as extended projec-tions of the V. See Bury (2003) for a more up-to-date ... Cross-linguistic variation follows from variationin timing of these operations relative to a rule of Spell-out which createsthe PF (or phenogrammatical structure) of the sentence. The position-ing...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 16 pptx

... reference to XPs are many. For example, operationssuch as wh-movement all seem to target XP-level constituents. Simi-larly, head-movement and morphological operations mostly targetindividual ... toother parts of the grammar (such as the lexicon or licensing rules), andwhat remains is the X-bar schema, which directly constrains constitu-ent structure without speciWc phrase structure ... thatproposes constraints on X-bar theory, resulting in its eventual aban-donment.20 Building on Pullum (1984) and (1985).132 phrase structure grammars and x-bar Part 3ControversiesThis page...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 18 pptx

... hold at either D- or S -structure. In sentences (a) and(b), Rivera is c-commanded by he at D -structure, so we have a condi-tion-C violation. The adjunct is inserted between D- and S -structure. In ... S -structure. In (d), Rivera is c-commanded by he at S -structure, so again we have acondition-C violation. However, in (c), Rivera is never c-commandedby he, it is inserted after the wh-phrase moves.20 This ... levels of D -structure and S -structure in MP,21so we can not account for the phenomena using level ordering.Uriagereka (1999) presents a clever alternative making use of thethree-dimensionality...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 19 pptx

... projection-based theories of phrase structure, but is particularly acute in BPSwhere there is no plausible top-to-bottom or purely representational160 controversiesHowever, such a constituent- centric ... in Stepanov (2001).8.4.3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivationsAnother consequence of the BPS system is the strictly upwardly cyclicnature of the phrase structure derivation. The merge ... the case in the latest ‘‘phase-theoretic’’versions of BPS, where the bottom-to-top derivation is crucial to themechanics of the Move operation.8.4.3.1 Bottom-to-top derivations It has long...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 1 pptx

... LFG,Simpler Syntax 20810.4.2 The Parallel Plane hypotheses: L- and S-Syntaxand pheno- and tectogrammatical structures 20910.4.3 Wheel-and-spoke multiplanar approaches 21210.5. Conclusions 21711. ... Fischer3. Information Structure: the Syntax-Discourse InterfaceNomi Erteschik-Shir4. Computational Approaches to Syntax and MorphologyBrian Roark and Richard Sproat5. Constituent Structure Andrew ... Order Relations: C-command and Government 464.1. Introduction 464.2. Command, kommand, c-command, and m-command 464.2.1 Command and kommand (cyclic command) 474.2.2 C-command (constituent command)...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 4 pptx

... theconcatenation-as-addition and the structured-concatenation proced-ures). Instead, we need a richer hierarchical structure (such as that in(9)) to represent which words go together. This hierarchical structure must ... by the embedded clause. Japanese is a typicalexample:(i) Gakusei-ga sensei-ga odotta-to itta.student-nom teacher-nom danced- that said‘‘The student said that the teacher danced.’’ (From Uehara ... seaweed)Let us call this the structured-concatenation hypothesis. This ap-proach does not suVer from the problem of (2), in that any subpartof (4d) is not identical to a subpart of any of the strings...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 17 doc

... of (15b) is that either binding condition C holds atD -structure before wh-movement applies or the wh-phrase ‘‘recon-structs’’ to its D -structure position after the overt component of thegrammar. ... added after D -structure and movement.(16) X Bar À! D -Structure #Movement#S -Structure (adjunction happens here)So the derivation of (15d) is such that the adjunct is added after thewh-phrase ... R-expression, being inserted directly into thesurface position of the wh-phrase, is never c-commanded by thepronoun, even at S -structure. This suggests that adjuncts are not part of the X-bar...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 20 docx

... system: Lexical-Functional GrammarStrictly speaking, Lexical-Functional Grammar does not belong in thischapter, because it posits separate constituent and relational structures(c- and f-structures); ... 6,LFGmakes use of a structured representation of grammatical functions, asdependency and constituency 171shown in (2). These f-structures are mapped to the constituent structure (c -structure) using ... integral part of syntactic representation, asfor example X-bar theory has done, then constituent structures neednot be primitives. Constituent structures can be derived algorithmic-ally from...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 21 pdf

... logical structure. This logical structure is thenmapped into two diVerent constituent structures, the layered structure of the clause (LCS) and the operator structure, which are representa-tions ... frameworks, constituent structures should fol-low from the semantic and pragmatic properties of the message that isbeing conveyed. In this sense these approaches derive constituent structures, ... that entail co-occurrence among constituents.10 Forexample, a verb like ate may require that its COMPS feature (comple-ment feature) be satisWed by an NP to its left. The second part of theframework’s...

Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 22 doc

... restrictions onmulti-structures 193do-support and condition C-eVects in anti-reconstruction environ-ments. To schematize, we might hypothesize that simple constituent structure is represented ... to be happy.A constituent- sharing approach also provides a straightforward an-alysis of non -constituent coordination (see below for citations anddiscussion). For example, Right-Node Raising ... this we might call the ‘‘parallel-structuresmodel.’’ This view of multiplanar structure has the various planesof syntactic structure, including constituent structure( s), developedin parallel...

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