Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 27 pptx

... assumption and of the entire functional-projection 27 This is part of an larger programmatic restriction of ‘‘economy of expression’’, where forms appear only in the c -structure of the sentence if they ... Grim- shaw (1992) suggest hybrids of the second and third approaches. They have functional categories, but these are viewed as extended projec- tions of the V. See Bury (2003) for a m...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... reference to XPs are many. For example, operations such as wh-movement all seem to target XP-level constituents. Simi- larly, head-movement and morphological operations mostly target individual ... to other parts of the grammar (such as the lexicon or licensing rules), and what remains is the X-bar schema, which directly constrains constitu- ent structure without speciWc phrase structure...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... hold at either D- or S -structure. In sentences (a) and (b), Rivera is c-commanded by he at D -structure, so we have a condi- tion-C violation. The adjunct is inserted between D- and S -structure. In ... S -structure. In (d), Rivera is c-commanded by he at S -structure, so again we have a condition-C violation. However, in (c), Rivera is never c-commanded by he, it is inserted after the wh-...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... projection- based theories of phrase structure, but is particularly acute in BPS where there is no plausible top-to-bottom or purely representational 160 controversies However, such a constituent- centric ... in Stepanov (2001). 8.4.3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivations Another consequence of the BPS system is the strictly upwardly cyclic nature of the phrase structure derivation....

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... LFG, Simpler Syntax 208 10.4.2 The Parallel Plane hypotheses: L- and S-Syntax and pheno- and tectogrammatical structures 209 10.4.3 Wheel-and-spoke multiplanar approaches 212 10.5. Conclusions 217 11. ... Fischer 3. Information Structure: the Syntax-Discourse Interface Nomi Erteschik-Shir 4. Computational Approaches to Syntax and Morphology Brian Roark and Richard Sproat 5. Constituent St...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... the concatenation-as-addition and the structured-concatenation proced- ures). Instead, we need a richer hierarchical structure (such as that in (9)) to represent which words go together. This hierarchical structure must ... by the embedded clause. Japanese is a typical example: (i) Gakusei-ga sensei-ga odotta-to itta. student-nom teacher-nom danced- that said ‘‘The student said that the t...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... of (15b) is that either binding condition C holds at D -structure before wh-movement applies or the wh-phrase ‘‘recon- structs’’ to its D -structure position after the overt component of the grammar. ... added after D -structure and movement. (16) X Bar À! D -Structure # Movement # S -Structure (adjunction happens here) So the derivation of (15d) is such that the adjunct is added after t...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... system: Lexical-Functional Grammar Strictly speaking, Lexical-Functional Grammar does not belong in this chapter, because it posits separate constituent and relational structures (c- and f-structures); ... 6,LFG makes use of a structured representation of grammatical functions, as dependency and constituency 171 shown in (2). These f-structures are mapped to the constituent structure (c...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... logical structure. This logical structure is then mapped into two diVerent constituent structures, the layered structure of the clause (LCS) and the operator structure, which are representa- tions ... frameworks, constituent structures should fol- low from the semantic and pragmatic properties of the message that is being conveyed. In this sense these approaches derive constituent...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... restrictions on multi-structures 193 do-support and condition C-eVects in anti-reconstruction environ- ments. To schematize, we might hypothesize that simple constituent structure is represented ... to be happy. A constituent- sharing approach also provides a straightforward an- alysis of non -constituent coordination (see below for citations and discussion). For example, Right-Node Rai...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15