Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 25 pdf

... verbs or participles and objects that function as syntactic constituents, reminiscent of VPs. McCloskey (1983) shows that parti- ciples and objects in Irish form syntactic constituents. This constituent consists ... and Bill did so too. Pro-verb replacement Van Valin (1993) notes that all of these tests have particular information- structure eVects. For example, clefting and stand-alone t...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... logical structure. This logical structure is then mapped into two diVerent constituent structures, the layered structure of the clause (LCS) and the operator structure, which are representa- tions ... frameworks, constituent structures should fol- low from the semantic and pragmatic properties of the message that is being conveyed. In this sense these approaches derive constituent...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... and cartography 251 Beyond selection for a particular type of C, there is evidence from a variety of constructions that point towards an X-bar-theoretic CP. The structure of wh-questions is a ... cartography 259 structures. I will start with the arguments that distinguish an unheaded S’ analysis from a CP structure, with some pointers to other ap- proaches. Then I will turn to the inte...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... reference to XPs are many. For example, operations such as wh-movement all seem to target XP-level constituents. Simi- larly, head-movement and morphological operations mostly target individual ... to other parts of the grammar (such as the lexicon or licensing rules), and what remains is the X-bar schema, which directly constrains constitu- ent structure without speciWc phrase structure...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... of (15b) is that either binding condition C holds at D -structure before wh-movement applies or the wh-phrase ‘‘recon- structs’’ to its D -structure position after the overt component of the grammar. ... added after D -structure and movement. (16) X Bar À! D -Structure # Movement # S -Structure (adjunction happens here) So the derivation of (15d) is such that the adjunct is added after t...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... hold at either D- or S -structure. In sentences (a) and (b), Rivera is c-commanded by he at D -structure, so we have a condi- tion-C violation. The adjunct is inserted between D- and S -structure. In ... S -structure. In (d), Rivera is c-commanded by he at S -structure, so again we have a condition-C violation. However, in (c), Rivera is never c-commanded by he, it is inserted after the wh-...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... projection- based theories of phrase structure, but is particularly acute in BPS where there is no plausible top-to-bottom or purely representational 160 controversies However, such a constituent- centric ... in Stepanov (2001). 8.4.3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivations Another consequence of the BPS system is the strictly upwardly cyclic nature of the phrase structure derivation....

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... system: Lexical-Functional Grammar Strictly speaking, Lexical-Functional Grammar does not belong in this chapter, because it posits separate constituent and relational structures (c- and f-structures); ... 6,LFG makes use of a structured representation of grammatical functions, as dependency and constituency 171 shown in (2). These f-structures are mapped to the constituent structure (c...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... restrictions on multi-structures 193 do-support and condition C-eVects in anti-reconstruction environ- ments. To schematize, we might hypothesize that simple constituent structure is represented ... to be happy. A constituent- sharing approach also provides a straightforward an- alysis of non -constituent coordination (see below for citations and discussion). For example, Right-Node Rai...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... c-command relations seen in (24a): (24) (a) *[apne baccoN-ne] Mohan-ko maaraa. self children-erg Mohan-acc beat ‘‘*Self’s children beat Mohan.’’ (b) ?Mohan-ko [apne baccoN-ne] maaraa. Mohan-acc ... the f -structure rather than the c -structure. Blevins (1990) extends the argument-sharing analysis to other lan- guages, such as Niuean. Multidomination is also a central tenet of Phrase-Linking...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15