Tài liệu Thuật toán Algorithms (Phần 4) pdf

... some simple algorithms for addition and multiplication of polynomials and matrices. The algorithms themselves are well-known and straightforward; we’ll be examining sophisticated algorithms for ... numbers to be of type integer or with all of the normal arithmetic operations defined on both types. Algorithms come into play when the opera- tions must be performed on more complicated ma...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 02:16

... the nearest integer is the number of bits required to represent N in binary. Implementing Algorithms The algorithms that we will discuss in this book are quite well understood, but for the most ... computer systems lose substantial time waiting for simple quadratic algorithms to finish when only slightly more complicated N log N algorithms are available which could run in a fraction t...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 02:16

... equations has been shown to be computationally equivalent to multiplying matrices, so tlhere exist algorithms (for example, Strassen’s matrix multiplication algorithm) which can solve systems of ... all fall very close to the diagonal. In such cases, the inner loops of the Gaussian elimination algorithms need only be iterated a few times, so that the total running time (and storage requir...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 11:15

... sorting algorithms, we’ll study some “elementary” methods which are appropriate for small files or files with some special structure. There are several reasons for studying these simple sorting algorithms ... to learn terminology and basic mechanisms for sorting algorithms so that we get an adequate background for studying the more sophisticated algorithms. Second, there are a great app...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 11:15

... which are larger, most selection algorithms can return all of the k smallest elements of a file without a great deal of extra calculation. We’ve already seen two algorithms which are suitable for ... 2M(N/2) + N. The program is thus guaranteed to run in time proportional to NlogN. (See Chapter 4). Our file of sample sorting keys is processed as shown in the following table. Each l...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 17:20

... is greater, it is next compared to N; otheruise it would have been compared to C), etc. Below we will see algorithms that use an explicitly constructed binary tree structure to guide the search. One improvement ... is a simple, efficient dynamic searching method which qualifies as one of the most fundamental algorithms in computer science. It’s classified here as an “elementary” method be...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 17:20

... lead to problems with large arrays in a dynamic situation. 15. Balanced Trees The binary tree algorithms of the previous section work very well for a wide variety of applications, but they do ... This technique, called balancing, has been used as the basis for several different “balanced tree” algorithms. We’ll look closely at one such algorithm and discuss briefly how it relates to some...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 17:20

... six would be found as the second item examined, etc., so the average is (7.1+ 6.2 + 2.3 + 2 .4)/ 17) z 1.941. (This count assumes that equal keys are distinguished with a unique identifier

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 17:20

... ‘Andrews’, but after ‘Aitken”‘) followed by sequential search (“ ‘Algonquin’ . . . ‘Algren’ . . . No, Algorithms isn’t listed!“). Of course computers are likely to be somewhat better than humans at

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 17:20

... problem can be characterized as a searching prob- lem with the pattern as the key, but the searching algorithms that we have studied do not apply directly because the pattern can be long and because it ... unknown way. It is an interesting problem to study because several very different (and surprising) algorithms have only recently been discovered which not only provide a spectrum of use...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 17:20