... the earth_rM time derivative of meridional radius of curvature (this effect is usuallyignored but can be calculated by taking the time derivative of Eq. 6.38)_rT time derivative of ... estimated, xvis thenv 1 subvector that will not be estimated, andne nv n, the total number of state variables. 8:35Even though the subvector xvof nuisance variables is not estimated, ... dynamic model.5. The autocovariance function covar;0should equal HPHT R for time-invariant or very slowly time-varying systems. If covar;0is much biggerthan HPHT R, it could indicate...