... have their origin in the software engineering community. Software engineering is essential for well-designed software, but, as Kapor pointed out, it is not enough. DESIGN AS ART ... instructions in the world won’t fix it. What is design? What are the design fields, and how are building design (architecture) , graphic design, industrial design, and software design similar? ... engineer and the scientist is not so much what they do, but the purpose behind their work. Software engineers design software in much the same way that mechanical engineers design bridges, industrial...