64 A Unified Instrumental Variable

... allowed to be arbitrarily spatially correlated with an unknown covariance matrix. Assumption A3 isawell- known condition that, under a weak restriction on m, guarantees DOA parameter identifiability ... RMS value is calculated. In all scenarios, two planar wavefronts arrive from DOAs 0 ◦ and 5 ◦ relative to the array broadside. Unless otherwise stated, the emitter signals are zero-mean Gaus...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 12:15

... incremental mean average precision value. This method required that large amount of training data and manual labeling. Different from the above opinion retrieval ap- proaches, our proposed graph-based ... represented by a bag-of-word. Among the words, there is a topic term Avatar (t 1 ) occurring twice, i.e. Avatar in A and Avatar in C, and two senti- ment words comfortable (o 1 )...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... between 0 and 1, with a value of 1 indicating that the automatic evaluation explains perfectly the human evaluation variation, and a value of 0 indicating that the automatic evaluation explains ... machine translation evaluation (Papineni et al, 2002), the advantages of doing automatic evaluation for various NLP applications have become increasingly appreciated: they allow for fa...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... important subtask for many natural language processing applications, such as partial parsing, information retrieval and machine translation. A baseNP is a simple noun phrase that does not contain other ... The approaches proposed by Ramshaw & Markus and Cardie&Pierce are deterministic and local, while Argamon, Dagan & Krymolowski consider the problem globally and assigned a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... retrieval, natural language interfacing, natural language understanding, ma- chine translation. Also, and more important, the environment is intended to be used for a large class of natural languages ... Romania ABSTRACT The paper presents a morpho-lexical environ- ment, designed for the management of root- oriented natural language dictionaries. It also encapsulates the basic m...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... forms as the training/evaluation data. The evaluation metrics used in the abbreviation generation are exact-match accuracy (hereinafter accuracy), including top-1 accuracy, top-2 accu- racy, and ... History and Philology at Academia Sinica (b): Chinese Abbreviation Generation (a) : English Abbreviation Generation Figure 1: English (a) and Chinese (b) abbreviation generation as a sequentia...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... ˛  490 A1 4.7.5 Isotropic averages and the rotational invariants G j  , a, υ and  for the cartesian basis 490 A1 4.7.6 Isotropic averages and rotational invariants, G  j  , a, υ and  for ... rotational and vibration–rotation Raman scattering can be obtained from a detailed analysis of eq. (4.5.12) and this is dealt with in Chapter 6. In the case of resonance rotation and vibra...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:46

... as a derivation, and each translation may be produced by many different derivations. As the training data only provides source and target sentences, the derivations are modelled as a latent variable. The ... while for the latent variable model the impact is much larger. 6 For example, our max-derivation model trained on the Europarl data translates carte sur la table as on the table c...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... data be- comes available to natural language processing, such as raw text data in emails, newsgroups, fo- rums, and blogs. Consequently, how to effectively process the data and make it suitable ... extra line breaks, extra spaces, and extra punctuation marks; and it may contain words badly cased. Moreover, the bounda- ries between paragraphs and the boundaries be- tween sentences are ......

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... (t&) Who did Max see yesterday? (lb) Max saw Rosa. ( 2a) Did anyone see Ros& yesterday? (2b) Max s~w Rosa. Although (lb) and (2b) are identical, Cb(lb) is Max and Cb(2b) is Rosa. ... create the basis for a theoretical framework that can account for a variety of discourse phenomena in which all three factors of language use interact. The major premise on which our resear...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20