Weather and climate

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... severe weather situation to governments and businesses missing opportunities to respond to ormitigate potential long-term impacts of climate variability and change.As sources for weather and climate ... information and theconfusion that can occur between climate and weather. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, June 2001(presented by Eric Barron, William Randel, and Vaughan ... COMMUNICATING UNCERTAINTIES IN WEATHER AND CLIMATE INFORMATIONresult make preventable errors in the decision process. More sophisticated usersof weather and climate information, particularly...

... in protecting and increasing green areas and parks in St. Petersburg, Russia. ©VictorRadziun46Megacities and Climate Change47Chapter4 Land use and urban planningWaste and climate changearecloselylinked.InIndia,60%oftotaldisposablewasteisorganic,whichcanrapidlydecompose, and releasemethanegasduringtheprocess.Moreover,itisrecognisedthatrecyclingresultsinreducingtheneedforrawmaterials.Incasessuchasaluminum,recyclingplaysanimportantrolebyreducingtheamountofenergyrequiredforitsproduction and alsoeventuallyreducegreenhousegasemissions.6Wastepickers,whoarenotrecognisedasformalstakeholdersbytherecyclingsector,undertakebothrecycling and extensiverepair/reuse,makingtheirinclusioninanywastemanagementplanessential.Someestimatessuggestthatapproximately1%oftheurbanpopulationinthedevelopingworldisengagedinrecycling.Manyofthemarepoorminorities,migratingfromtheruralregions,whereecological and economiccollapseisunderway.Therefore,theirinclusioninsuchplansisessentialbothfromanenvironmental and povertyalleviationpointofview.Leadership ... SummaryIn2007,theCityofTorontoadoptedits Climate ChangeActionPlanwhichincludesatargetedreductioningreenhousegasemissionsof80%by2050.Inadoptingtheplan,theCityCouncilalsocalledforthedevelopmentofacomprehensive climate changeadaptationstrategy and isoneofthefirstcitiesintheworldtodoso.In2008,theCityofTorontoreleased‘AheadoftheStorm–PreparingTorontofor Climate Change’,adocumentdesignedtoengagestakeholdersinunderstandingwhatcanbedonetopreparefor climate changeinordertominimizeitsimpactonToronto’senvironment,health and economy.Toronto’sleadingeffortstoaddressadapationalongsidemitigationwillprovideausefulcasestudyforothercitiesaroundtheworld.DetailTorontoCityCouncilhascommittedoveronebilliondollarsoverthenextfiveyearstofundprojectsthatwillhelpreducegreenhousegasemissions.Itscomprehensivestrategytorespondto climate change,knownasthe Climate Change,CleanAir and SustainableEnergyActionPlan’,focusesonactivitiesthatreducegreenhousegasemissions and helppreparefor climate change(mitigation and adaptation).Torontounderstandsthatmitigation and adaptationstrategiesareoftencomplementary and shouldbedevelopedintandeminordertobestutiliseresources and achievemaximumbenefit.Case ... possibleSocialmobilisationhasbeensupportedthroughthecollectiveleadershipofanindigenouswomen’smovement.Thewomenhavedemandedmoreequitableaccesstodrinkingwater,alongwithcompensationfordamagecausedby30yearsofhavingtheirwatersupplydiminishedtofeedthegrowingthirstofMexicoCity.Theyhavealsobeendemandingbetterecologicalprotectionofthebasinthroughtheregenerationofforestswhicharethemainwaterrechargeareas.DespitetheeffortsoftheMazahuawomen’smovementwhohaveproposedtheimplementationofaprogramforsustainableregionaldevelopment,economicsupportprovidedbytheStatehasbeenminimal.Thislackofsupportislargelyduetotheabsenceofapolicyforcompensation and alackofaformalsystemforvaluingtheecosystemservicesprovidedbysupplyingwaterfromindigenouspeople’sterritory.InarecentWorldBankevaluationofpublicpoliciesinindigenousregions,theMazahuaregionwasreportedtohavereceivedUS$5perinhabitant,peryear,fordrinkingwater and sanitationinfrastructure,anamountthatisinsufficientforsolvingthecurrentproblems.10Facedwithlackofrecognitionforthehumanrighttowater and theabsenceofapolicyforcompensatingtheMazahuaregionforthebenefitsithasprovidedtoMexicoCity,themovementturnedtotheLatinAmericanWaterTribunalwhichwhilstnotlegallybinding,isanethicstribunalestablishedtoresolvewaterconflicts and supportenvironmental and humanrights.DuringthefirstsessionoftheTribunalin2006,representativesoftheMazahuawomen’smovementpresentedtheircase,documentinghowhumanrightshadbeenviolatedbyfederal and stategovernmentsintheCutzamalasystem.Membersofthejury11analysedthecase and reachedafinalverdictemphasisingtheneedtorespectthehumanrighttowater and recommendingthecancellationofprojectexpansionsoftheCutzamalasystem and theawardingofcompensationtoindigenousinhabitantsforthedamagesincurredbythetransferofwatertoMexicoCity.ThisverdictlendsstrongsupporttotheMazahua’sproposalsforenvironmentaljustice,mayassistfuturenegotiations and drawswiderinternationalattentiontotheirworseningsituation.Case study 1 L a n d u s e and Urban Planning440Megacities and Climate Change41Chapter4 Land use and urban...

... Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude. 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems. Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 ... Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude. 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems. Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 ... Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude. 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems. Murten, Switzerland, 7-12...

... Bonds and Climate Change www.climatebonds.net June 2012There are some USD174bn in over 1,000 climate- themed bonds4 outstanding from 207 issuers. Corporates – included listed, state-owned and ... BONDS4 Bonds and Climate Change www.climatebonds.net June 2012Buildings and Industry:• Includes technologies and projects designed to improve the energy eciency of buildings and industry.• ... by the HSBC Climate Change Centre of Excellence and prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative, presents a first estimate of the outstanding global bond market size linked to key climate change...

... in landfills, incinerators, and waterways.•Production, distribution, and disposal of byproducts, suchas leather, feathers, skin, and fur, and their packaging.•Production, distribution, and ... livestock and growing feed is not yet a priority; on the contrary, feed pro-duction and grazing have been fast expanding into forest.Or suppose that land used forgrazing livestock and growing ... itsdefinition of livestock and so fails to count GHGs from theirlife cycle and supply chain. It also omits GHG emissions fromportions of the construction and operation of marine and land-based industries...

... and short and long-lived climate forcers simultaneously e.g. fees for vehicles and subsidies on household energy and renewable energy. CDM has the potential to address air pollution and climate ... pollution and climate forcing agents, both short and long-lived. Tackling air pollution and climate change issues simultaneously (e.g. CO2 and SO2) can be more efficient, cost-effective and avoid ... for C sequestration and hydrological cycles. (climate change, air pollution and biological systems research communities; IPCC) Nitrogen effects and climate change 1. Climate change scenarios...

... The towns of Wabasha and Reed'sLanding Lake Pepin and Maiden's Rock Romantic story An old fort Lake City and Frontenac RedWing and Hastings Red Rock.The first landing in Minnesota, ... zest and recompense which mark only the highest and best purposes of our race.CHAPTER IV. 19Minnesota; Its Character and Climate Project Gutenberg's Minnesota; Its Character and Climate, ... magnesian limestone; and as it builds upthese bluffs and crops out along their sides and at the tops, worn by the winds and rains of centuries theserock exposures, gray and moss covered, have...

... leadership and weak institutions. Weather extremes, food and wa-ter scarcity, and climate- related public health threats are projected to displace between 150 million and 1 billion people as climate ... government, communities and busi-nesses around the issues of climate change adaptation and long-term resilience. 11ABOUT CARING FOR CLIMATE SIGNATORIES AND THE 2010 SURVEYCaring for Climate signatories ... corporate climate change adaptation strategies; and companies’ global climate change policy positions and policy engagements. The 160 companies of the Caring for Climate Working Group on Climate...