Constituent Structure - Part 12

... is represented by their left-to-right organization in the rule. In versions of PSG that are primarily tree-geometric rather than being based on P-markers or RPMs, the tree also encodes c-command and government relations. Less ... constructions all involve some constituent (structure- changing transformations, are, and which rules, respectively) that is displaced 96 phrase structure gramma...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... sort of ‘ part of’’ relation. So in (9a, b) the N is a part of NP. The reverse is not true, NP is not a part of N. So in (9a), we assert that man is a part of N, but that N is not a part of man. ... of course, a part of itself (hence the intuition that domination is reXexive). N dominates N, so N is part of N. The part- of quality of domination tells us that when two nodes are...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 23:15

... terminals u, v. In Carnie (2006c), I informally present the non-tangling constraint as the no-crossing- branches constraint: (ii) No-crossing-branches constraint If one node X precedes another node ... axiomatically. This is the so-called non-tangling condition of Wall (1972), which derives a basic assumption of Chomsky (1975): there are no discontinuous constituents.30 A9. Non-tangling condi...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... (13) (a) namono azy ny anadahin-dRakoto kill him the sister-of-Rakoto ‘‘Rakoto i ’s sister killed him i .’’ (b) *namono ny anadahin-dRakoto izy kill the sister-of-Rakoto he ‘‘He i killed Rakoto ... the sisterhood relation or symmetric c-command: (17) Symmetric c-command A symmetrically c-commands B, if A c-commands B and B c-commands A. Asymmetric c-command is the kind that holds between ......

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... these structures. c-command and government 65 This page intentionally left blank Part 2 Phrase Structure Grammars and X-bar Theory This page intentionally left blank 5 Capturing Constituent Structure: ... them), however, a must immedi- ately dominate x and y, which themselves dominate (potentially reXex- ively) the c-commander and the c-commandee. Note, however, that while c-command is...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... into immediate constituents. The greater the num- ber of pipes (j) the weaker the boundary between the constituents (i.e. the more pipes, more closely related the words).2 The constituents in ... derivation trees (9’) and (10’), but result in the same constituent structure (12) . The derivation in (11) however, reduces to quite a diVerent constituent tree (13). (9Ј) (a) S (b) A B (i) (c...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... surface order from a very abstract structure using movement operations. 82 phrase structure grammars and x-bar 5.4.2 Context-free and context-sensitive phrase structure grammars Let us distinguish ... phrase structure. First, it is incompatible with the set-theoretic12 P-marker approach to syntactic description. Trees thus became our primary (perhaps only) mechanism for describing synt...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... LFG Lexical-Functional Grammar uses a similar semantic extension to the constituent structure (or c -structure as it is called in LFG): the f -structure, which is similar to the feature structures ... phrase structure rule, just as it is possible to write a crazy transformation that will radically change the 104 phrase structure grammars and x-bar structure of a tree. Head-Driven...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... to constituent structure/ phrase structure suggested in this section all make reference to mapping the constituent structure onto some kind of enriched semantic structure. The empirical cover- age ... structure. extended phrase structure grammars 111 7 X-bar Theory 7.1 Introduction Phrase structure grammars and their extensions provide us with powerful tools for describing co...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... discussion of how this insight is retained in the minimalist non-X-bar-theoretic Bare Phrase Structure system. 120 phrase structure grammars and x-bar (60) (a) XP ! (YP) X’ or XP ! X’ (YP) (b) X’ ! X’ ... intermediate structure (X’), takes us to the point where there are similarities across categories in terms of the kinds of phrase structure rule are allowed. Cross-categor- ial gene...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15