Constituent Structure - Part 11

... surface order from a very abstract structure using movement operations. 82 phrase structure grammars and x-bar 5.4.2 Context-free and context-sensitive phrase structure grammars Let us distinguish ... GPSG: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (which, iron- ically, at least in its most recent incarnations is not a phrase structure grammar in any recognizable form at all), this arbor...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... sort of ‘ part of’’ relation. So in (9a, b) the N is a part of NP. The reverse is not true, NP is not a part of N. So in (9a), we assert that man is a part of N, but that N is not a part of man. ... of course, a part of itself (hence the intuition that domination is reXexive). N dominates N, so N is part of N. The part- of quality of domination tells us that when two nodes are...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 23:15

... terminals u, v. In Carnie (2006c), I informally present the non-tangling constraint as the no-crossing- branches constraint: (ii) No-crossing-branches constraint If one node X precedes another node ... axiomatically. This is the so-called non-tangling condition of Wall (1972), which derives a basic assumption of Chomsky (1975): there are no discontinuous constituents.30 A9. Non-tangling condi...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... (13) (a) namono azy ny anadahin-dRakoto kill him the sister-of-Rakoto ‘‘Rakoto i ’s sister killed him i .’’ (b) *namono ny anadahin-dRakoto izy kill the sister-of-Rakoto he ‘‘He i killed Rakoto ... the sisterhood relation or symmetric c-command: (17) Symmetric c-command A symmetrically c-commands B, if A c-commands B and B c-commands A. Asymmetric c-command is the kind that holds between ......

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... these structures. c-command and government 65 This page intentionally left blank Part 2 Phrase Structure Grammars and X-bar Theory This page intentionally left blank 5 Capturing Constituent Structure: ... them), however, a must immedi- ately dominate x and y, which themselves dominate (potentially reXex- ively) the c-commander and the c-commandee. Note, however, that while c-command is...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... into immediate constituents. The greater the num- ber of pipes (j) the weaker the boundary between the constituents (i.e. the more pipes, more closely related the words).2 The constituents in ... derivations in (9), (10), and (11) : (9) (a) S (b) A B (i) (c) a B (iv) (d) a b (v) (10) (a) S (b) A B (i) (c) A b (v) (d) a b (iv) 74 phrase structure grammars and x-bar (11) (a) S (b) A (ii) (c)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... is represented by their left-to-right organization in the rule. In versions of PSG that are primarily tree-geometric rather than being based on P-markers or RPMs, the tree also encodes c-command and government relations. Less ... constructions all involve some constituent (structure- changing transformations, are, and which rules, respectively) that is displaced 96 phrase structure gramma...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... LFG Lexical-Functional Grammar uses a similar semantic extension to the constituent structure (or c -structure as it is called in LFG): the f -structure, which is similar to the feature structures ... phrase structure rule, just as it is possible to write a crazy transformation that will radically change the 104 phrase structure grammars and x-bar structure of a tree. Head-Driven...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... to constituent structure/ phrase structure suggested in this section all make reference to mapping the constituent structure onto some kind of enriched semantic structure. The empirical cover- age ... structure. extended phrase structure grammars 111 7 X-bar Theory 7.1 Introduction Phrase structure grammars and their extensions provide us with powerful tools for describing...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... discussion of how this insight is retained in the minimalist non-X-bar-theoretic Bare Phrase Structure system. 120 phrase structure grammars and x-bar (60) (a) XP ! (YP) X’ or XP ! X’ (YP) (b) X’ ! X’ ... intermediate structure (X’), takes us to the point where there are similarities across categories in terms of the kinds of phrase structure rule are allowed. Cross-categor- ial gener...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15