Constituent Structure - Part 10

... derivations in (9)and (10) give diVerent derivation trees (9’) and (10 ), but result in the same constituent structure (12). The derivation in (11) however, reduces to quite a diVerent constituent tree ... the derivations in (9), (10) , and (11): (9) (a) S (b) A B (i) (c) a B (iv) (d) a b (v) (10) (a) S (b) A B (i) (c) A b (v) (d) a b (iv) 74 phrase structure grammars and x-bar (11) (...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... proposals in Chapter 10. 6 Backofen, Rogers, and Vijay-Shanker (1995) actually argue that Wrst-order axiomiza- tion is impossible for Wnite (but unbounded) trees; they propose a second-order account ... sort of ‘ part of’’ relation. So in (9a, b) the N is a part of NP. The reverse is not true, NP is not a part of N. So in (9a), we assert that man is a part of N, but that N is not a p...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 23:15

... terminals u, v. In Carnie (2006c), I informally present the non-tangling constraint as the no-crossing- branches constraint: (ii) No-crossing-branches constraint If one node X precedes another node ... axiomatically. This is the so-called non-tangling condition of Wall (1972), which derives a basic assumption of Chomsky (1975): there are no discontinuous constituents.30 A9. Non-tangling condi...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... (13) (a) namono azy ny anadahin-dRakoto kill him the sister-of-Rakoto ‘‘Rakoto i ’s sister killed him i .’’ (b) *namono ny anadahin-dRakoto izy kill the sister-of-Rakoto he ‘‘He i killed Rakoto ... the sisterhood relation or symmetric c-command: (17) Symmetric c-command A symmetrically c-commands B, if A c-commands B and B c-commands A. Asymmetric c-command is the kind that holds between ......

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... these structures. c-command and government 65 This page intentionally left blank Part 2 Phrase Structure Grammars and X-bar Theory This page intentionally left blank 5 Capturing Constituent Structure: ... them), however, a must immedi- ately dominate x and y, which themselves dominate (potentially reXex- ively) the c-commander and the c-commandee. Note, however, that while c-command is...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... surface order from a very abstract structure using movement operations. 82 phrase structure grammars and x-bar 5.4.2 Context-free and context-sensitive phrase structure grammars Let us distinguish ... GPSG: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (which, iron- ically, at least in its most recent incarnations is not a phrase structure grammar in any recognizable form at all), this arbor...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... is represented by their left-to-right organization in the rule. In versions of PSG that are primarily tree-geometric rather than being based on P-markers or RPMs, the tree also encodes c-command and government relations. Less ... constructions all involve some constituent (structure- changing transformations, are, and which rules, respectively) that is displaced 96 phrase structure gramma...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... LFG Lexical-Functional Grammar uses a similar semantic extension to the constituent structure (or c -structure as it is called in LFG): the f -structure, which is similar to the feature structures ... phrase structure rule, just as it is possible to write a crazy transformation that will radically change the 104 phrase structure grammars and x-bar structure of a tree. Head-Driven...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... process of do-so 5- (or did-so-) replacement. Consider the VP bracketed in (10a). We Wnd replacement of the whole VP is Wne (10b), but so is the replacement of smaller units (10c): (10) (a) I [ate ... to constituent structure/ phrase structure suggested in this section all make reference to mapping the constituent structure onto some kind of enriched semantic structure. The empi...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... also all 10 See Chametzky (2000) for a discussion of how this insight is retained in the minimalist non-X-bar-theoretic Bare Phrase Structure system. 120 phrase structure grammars and x-bar (60) ... another important property that X-bar theory might ac- count for. It appears as if the layers of structure operate in a binary manner .10 That is, as we add layers of structure, new mate...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15