Constituent Structure - Part 9

... Haegeman 199 4 or Cowper 199 2). For a discussion of the formal properties of this relation (and how it is technically not a c-command relation, narrowly construed) see Barker and Pullum ( 199 0).15 ... these structures. c-command and government 65 This page intentionally left blank Part 2 Phrase Structure Grammars and X-bar Theory This page intentionally left blank 5 Capturing Constitue...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... and Meyer-Viol ( 199 3), Rogers ( 199 4, 199 8), Backofen, Rogers, and Vijay-Shanker ( 199 5),6 Kolb ( 199 9), and Palm ( 199 9).7 The axioms, while not universally adopted, provide a precise charac- terization ... Wall ( 197 2) and Partee, ter Meulen, and Wall ( 199 0) (and discussed at length in Huck 198 5, Higginbotham 198 2/ 198 5, and McCawley 198 2); more recent axiomizations can be fou...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 23:15

... found in autosegmental phonology. See Goldsmith ( 197 6), McCarthy ( 197 9), Pulleyblank ( 198 3), Clements ( 198 5), Sagey ( 198 6, 198 8), and Hammond ( 198 8, 2005) for discussion. basic properties of trees ... axiomatically. This is the so-called non-tangling condition of Wall ( 197 2), which derives a basic assumption of Chomsky ( 197 5): there are no discontinuous constituents.30 A9. No...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... relation in terms of other parts of the grammatical system: Kayne’s ( 198 4) unambiguous paths; Chametzky’s ( 199 6) complete factorization; and Epstein’s c-command-as-merge approach. We look at ... (2000) and Dowty ( 199 6) for discussion. 10 See also the related work of Kaneko ( 199 9). c-command and government 57 operation, and the dominance relationship represents the structure built fr...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15

... analyses. Postal ( 196 7) presents a defense of this claim, arguing that IC systems are all simply poorly formalized phrase structure grammars. Manaster- Ramer and Kac ( 199 0) and Borsley ( 199 6) claim that ... functions as a constituent of the same type. Wells ( 194 7) enriches Harris’s system by adding a notion of construc- tion—an idea we will return to in Chapter 9. Harwood ( 195 5...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15

... as the context of the rule): context-sensitive phrase structure grammars (abbre- viated either as CSG or CS-PSG). The rule in ( 29) is a typical example: ( 29) BAC! BaDC This rule says that the ... GPSG: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (which, iron- ically, at least in its most recent incarnations is not a phrase structure grammar in any recognizable form at all), this arboreal-cen...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... constructions all involve some constituent (structure- changing transformations, are, and which rules, respectively) that is displaced 96 phrase structure grammars and x-bar from the place it would ... importantly, phrase structure rules con- tain implicit restrictions on which elements can combine with what other elements (Heny 197 9). First, they make reference to (primitive) non-com...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15

... LFG Lexical-Functional Grammar uses a similar semantic extension to the constituent structure (or c -structure as it is called in LFG): the f -structure, which is similar to the feature structures ... phrase structure rule, just as it is possible to write a crazy transformation that will radically change the 104 phrase structure grammars and x-bar structure of a tree. Head-Driven...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... a cross-categorial generaliza- tion. The treatment of such constructions was at the heart of the so-called Linguistics Wars (see Newmeyer 198 0, R. Harris 199 3, and Huck and Goldsmith 199 6 for ... of syntactic structure. One of the innovations of the 197 0s (see in particular JackendoV 197 7) was the realization that syntactic structure is signiWcantly more reWned than the PSGs of the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15

... excellent histories of the X-bar theory, see Stuurman ( 198 5), LeVel and Bouchard ( 199 1), and Fukui (2001). x-bar theory 1 29 listed as phrasal, including the one in (29a), which is typically occupied by ... and Crain ( 199 0). 7.2.6 Summary In this section, we have surveyed some of the motivations for X-bar theory as well as one particular formulation of the X-bar schema itself. Phrase...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15