Constituent Structure - Part 6
Constituent Structure - Part 6
... proposals in Chapter 10. 6 Backofen, Rogers, and Vijay-Shanker (1995) actually argue that Wrst-order axiomiza- tion is impossible for Wnite (but unbounded) trees; they propose a second-order account that ... sort of ‘ part of’’ relation. So in (9a, b) the N is a part of NP. The reverse is not true, NP is not a part of N. So in (9a), we assert that man is a part of N, but that N is no...
Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 23:15
Constituent Structure - Part 7
... v for all terminals u, v. In Carnie (2006c), I informally present the non-tangling constraint as the no-crossing- branches constraint: (ii) No-crossing-branches constraint If one node X precedes ... ’’: 26 As we will see in Chapter 8, Kayne (1994) argues that the precedence relation can be reduced to asymmetric c-command, and thus need not be part of our formal description of tree structu...
Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15
Constituent Structure - Part 8
... Keenan): (13) (a) namono azy ny anadahin-dRakoto kill him the sister-of-Rakoto ‘‘Rakoto i ’s sister killed him i .’’ (b) *namono ny anadahin-dRakoto izy kill the sister-of-Rakoto he ‘‘He i killed Rakoto i ’s ... and B c-commands A. Asymmetric c-command is the kind that holds between an aunt and her nieces: (18) Asymmetric c-command A asymmetrically c-commands B if A c-commands B but B does no...
Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 19:15
Constituent Structure - Part 9
... discuss the i-within-i facts. It is a relatively minor change to Wx their deWnitions so that it includes this condition. 60 preliminaries 5 Capturing Constituent Structure: Phrase Structure Grammars 5.1 ... types of information are encoded in these structures. c-command and government 65 This page intentionally left blank Part 2 Phrase Structure Grammars and X-bar Theory ... lab...
Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15
Constituent Structure - Part 10
... into immediate constituents. The greater the num- ber of pipes (j) the weaker the boundary between the constituents (i.e. the more pipes, more closely related the words).2 The constituents in this ... analyses. Postal (1 967 ) presents a defense of this claim, arguing that IC systems are all simply poorly formalized phrase structure grammars. Manaster- Ramer and Kac (1990) and Borsley (19 9...
Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 17:15
Constituent Structure - Part 11
... surface order from a very abstract structure using movement operations. 82 phrase structure grammars and x-bar 5.4.2 Context-free and context-sensitive phrase structure grammars Let us distinguish ... GPSG: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (which, iron- ically, at least in its most recent incarnations is not a phrase structure grammar in any recognizable form at all), this arbor...
Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15
Constituent Structure - Part 12
... he þN ÀV þpronoun þ3person Àplural þmasculine 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 The traditions of LFG and HPSG use a diVerent notation: the Attri- bute Value Matrix (AVM). AVMs put the ... simple PSRs. 92 phrase structure grammars and x-bar 6 Extended Phrase Structure Grammars 6. 1 Introduction In the last chapter, we looked at a narrow version of a phrase st...
Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 00:15
Constituent Structure - Part 13
... based, 100 phrase structure grammars and x-bar ( 26) f 1 , f 3 , f 6 pred ‘love hsubj, obji’ tense present subj f 2 , f 4 , f 5 def þ num sng pred ‘cat’ obj f 7 , f 8 pred ‘tuna’ 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 Typically, ... LFG Lexical-Functional Grammar uses a similar semantic extension to the constituent structure (or c -structure as it is called in LFG): the f -struc...
Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15
Constituent Structure - Part 14
... subj) 6. 7.3 Summary The extensions to constituent structure/ phrase structure suggested in this section all make reference to mapping the constituent structure onto some kind of enriched semantic structure. ... structure. extended phrase structure grammars 111 7 X-bar Theory 7.1 Introduction Phrase structure grammars and their extensions provide us with powerful tools for de...
Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15
Constituent Structure - Part 15
... of how this insight is retained in the minimalist non-X-bar-theoretic Bare Phrase Structure system. 120 phrase structure grammars and x-bar (60 ) (a) XP ! (YP) X’ or XP ! X’ (YP) (b) X’ ! X’ (ZP) ... given in ( 26) reveal another important property that X-bar theory might ac- count for. It appears as if the layers of structure operate in a binary manner.10 That is, as we add layers of...
Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 23:15