MATERIALS AND NUTRIENT CYCLES

... happens to the dead bodies of plants and animals in an ecosystem? 3. Define macronutrients and micronutrients. 4. Make a listing of micronutrients and macronutrients, and give their functions? 5. What ... (water, land, and air). Then, they enter to the bodies of plants and animals and return into the abiotic environment. The movement of these materials and nutrients between the living and nonliving ... by the animals and when the animals die, they decompose into nutrients. These nutrients can be used over and over again. In this way, a cycle of nutrients is formed. The cycle of nutrients is an...

... course content, materials, and logistics for course 2524A, Developing XML Web Services Using Microsoft Visual C# .NET Beta 2. Course Materials and Preparation Required Materials To teach ... demonstration, and lab. ! Identify how each demonstration and lab supports the module topics and reinforces the module objectives. ! Identify examples, analogies, demonstrations, and additional ... review and lab answers, lab files, multimedia presentations, and course-related Web sites. To open the Web page, insert the Student Materials compact disc into the CD-ROM drive, and then...

... content, materials, and logistics for Course 2500A, Introduction to XML and the Microsoft® .NET Platform. Course Materials and Preparation To teach this course, you need the following materials: ... data services by using Transact-SQL, manage and maintain databases, configure and manage security, monitor and optimize databases, and install and configure SQL Server. Introduction 9 ... situations where you can use XML and related technologies to design entire solutions. Module 7: Formatting and Transforming: XSL and XSLTModule 8: Using XQuery to Link and Query XML Documents Module...

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... content, materials, and logistics for Course 1609: Designing Data Services and Data Models. Course Materials and Preparation Materials To teach this course, you will need the following materials: ... Module Materials and Preparation This section provides you with the materials and preparation needed to teach this module. Materials To teach this module, you will need the following materials: ... Guide. ! Practice presenting each module and demonstration. ! Identify key points for each topic and activity. ! Prepare examples, analogies, and additional delivery strategies from your...

... orblocking the light.Smart Materials and New Technologies92Types and characteristics of smart materials Smart Materials and New TechnologiesTypes and characteristics of smart materials 93s Figure ... Richard and Trojan, Paul (1986) Engineering Materials and Their Applications. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Smart Materials and New Technologies108Types and characteristics of smart materials ... one-Smart Materials and New TechnologiesTypes and characteristics of smart materials 87s Figure 4-6 Memories of touch via thermochromic materials. (Courtesy Juergen Mayer H)constituent materials, ...

... in the normal weight and underweight BMI cate-gories, adequate energy and protein intake were reportedfor 64 and 22, and 47 and 17%, respectively. Similarly, forminerals and vitamins, even lesser ... Pakistan [15]. Mean and standard devia-tion (SD) of energy, protein, selected minerals (Ca, Fe,Zn) and vitamins (A and C) were determined from diet-ary intake data. The vitamins and minerals selected ... challenging in terms ofhealth and nutritional care. Essential information aboutindividuals’ food intake and habits, activity, culturalinfluences, and the economic and social situation pro-vide...

... Gromov-Witten theory, Hurwitz theory, and completed cycles By A. Okounkov and R. Pandharipande GROMOV-WITTEN THEORY, HURWITZ THEORY, AND COMPLETED CYCLES 5350, ∞∈P1respectively. We ... theory, Hurwitz theory, and completed cycles By A. Okounkov and R. PandharipandeContents0. Introduction0.1. Overview0.2. Gromov-Witten theory0.3. Hurwitz theory0.4. Completed cycles 0.5. The GW/H ... fromthe results of [12] and, more generally, from the line of research pursued in532 A. OKOUNKOV AND R. PANDHARIPANDE[11], [12]. Our interaction with S. Bloch, A. Eskin, and A. Zorich played avery...

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... 18OpportunitiestoReduceGreenhouseGasEmissionsthrough Materials and LandManagementPractices September2009SECTION3POTENTIALGHGREDUCTIONSTHROUGH MATERIALS AND LANDMANA GEMENT Materials and landmanagementdirectly and indirectlyimpact58‐62%oftotalU.S.GHGemissions, and, therefore,providemanyopportunitiestoreduceGHGemissions.Thissectionpresentssomeexamplesof materials and landmanagementapproachesthatcouldresultinsignificantemissionreductions.REDUCINGGHGEMISSIONSTHROUGH MATERIALS MANAGEMENTPRACTICES Materials managementisatermthatdescribeshow materials aremanagedastheyflowthroughtheeconomy—fromresourceextractiontoproductdesign and manufacture,transport,use,reuse,recycling, and endoflife(seeFigure6).Takingasystemsviewoftheimpacts materials havethroughouttheirlifecycleallowsforanalysistoanswerquestionssuchas:Whereinthe materials life ... September2009becauseofthelaborrequiredtocollect,sort, and processtherecyclables.30Recycling,reuse,deconstruction, and remanufacturingshiftthevalueaddedintheeconomyfromhighlymechanized,environmentallyharmfulextractionindustries,tolabor‐intensive,localindustries.31,32Landmanagementoptionstoreduceemissionsalsohavemanyco‐benefits.Anumberofstudieshaveshownsubstantialbeneficialeffectsofbrownfieldsredevelopmentforlocalcommunities,includingjobcreation,increasedpropertyvalues,taxrevenuesforlocalgovernments,preservationofgreenspace, and socialbenefits.33,34Otherresearchhasshownthatbrownfieldsredevelopment,asacomponentofurbanredevelopment,reduceslocalvehiclemilestraveled and isassociatedwithlowerbuildingenergyuse,35bothofwhichleadtoimprovementsinurbanairqualityinadditiontoGHGreductions.Theco‐benefitstocommunitiesof materials and landmanagementstrategiesmakethemattractiveasGHGreductionoptions.UnlikemanyGHGmitigationoptions,theyarealsolargelyunderstate and localinfluence.States and communitiescanusethesetoolstoreducetheircarbonfootprints and meetstateorlocalGHGreductiontargets.Thepurposeofthisdocument,OpportunitiestoReduceGreenhouseGasEmissionsthrough Materials and LandManagementPractices,istoincreasetheunderstandingofhow materials and landmanagementpracticesrelatetoGHGemissions and showanewwayofthinkingabout materials and landmanagementaspartofthesolutiontotheclimatechange.ThisdocumentpresentsEPA’sresearchtodate.Aswedevelopprograms and policieswithourpartners,moredetailedstudiesthataccountforeconomic,technical, and institutionallimitations and opportunitieswillbeneeded.Inaddition,wewillshareinformationonthemitigationimpactsofcurrent materials and landmanagementprogramsonGHGemissions and ultimatelydevelopmorespecificapproachestoimplement materials and landmanagementactivitiesthatcouldachieveGHGemissionreductions.Theremainderofthisdocumentisorganizedintothefollowingsections.Section2presentsannualGHGemissionsintheUnitedStatesusingtwoapproaches.Thesector‐basedapproachallocatesemissionstoeconomicorend‐usesectorsincludingtheelectricpowerindustry,transportation,industry,agriculture,commercial, and residentialsectors.Thesystems‐basedapproachreliesonthesamedata,butapportionsemissionsto materials management,landmanagement, and othersystemstodemonstratethepotentialimpact materials and landmanagementhaveontotalU.S.emissions.Section3presentsresearchintothepotentialGHGreductionsthatcouldbeachievedthroughanumberof materials and landmanagementapproaches.Section4summarizesthereport and describesthedirectionthatfutureresearchmaytake.Finally,thedocumentappendix(TechnicalSupportforOpportunitiestoReduceGreenhouseGasEmissionsthrough Materials and LandManagementPractices)presentsthedatasources and methodologyusedtodevelopthisreport. ... September2009growth.75Thisremediationapproachalsoprovidesauseforsomeorganicsoilamendmentssuchasbiosolidswhichmayotherwisebeawasteproduct.LandcleanupactivitiesmayalsoproviderecyclingopportunitiestofurtherbolsterEPA’sapproachesto materials and landmanagement.Forexample,reusing and recyclingconstruction and demolitiondebrisfrombuildingsoncontaminatedlandisanothereffective materials and landmanagementpractice;thispracticenotonlyreusesboth materials and land,butalsopreventsotherlandfrombeingusedforthedisposalofconstruction and demolitiondebris.Aftercleanupiscomplete,sustainablyreusinglandprotectstheland‐basedcarbonsink,byprovidingsitesthatcanbereusedfordevelopment,insteadofdevelopinggreenfields.ReusingtheserestoredpropertiescanalsoreduceGHGemissionsassociatedwiththeinfrastructureexpansionneededtoconnectnewlydevelopedgreenfieldstoalreadydevelopedareas.Policiesthatpromotelandreuseinplaceofnewlanddevelopment and densermixed‐usedevelopment—keyaspectsofsmartgrowth—willavoidthemajorityofinfrastructure and bio‐carbonemissions.Sitescanalsobeecologicallyrestoredtoincreasetheamountofundevelopedland and expandtheland‐basedcarbonsink.Inaddition,severalEPAprogramsfocusonsustainablecleanup and redevelopmentofcontaminatedland,includingenvironmentallyresponsiblelandscaping,energyefficientstructures,greenbuildings, and greenremediation,76whichcanallfurtherreduceGHGemissions.Manycontaminatedpropertiesalsohaverenewableenergydevelopmentpotential and arelocatednearexistingutilityinfrastructure.77 And ofcourse,preventingcontaminationinthefirstplaceavoidstheneedforcleanupactivitiesorgreenfielddevelopment.SeeBox8forexamplesoflandmanagementapproachesthathelpreduceGHGemissions.78Carbon...