... balance [21,22]. Interestingly, systemicinflammatory response syndrome and sepsis are alsoindependent risk factors [10,14]. A proinflammatory state, asmeasured by leucocytosis or monocyte activation, ... caused by the loss ofcoordinated atrial contraction, by irregularity of ventricularcontraction [43], by inadequate filling time for the leftventricle due to tachycardia, and by tachycardiomyopathy[8,44]. ... advocated in the early days of intensive care, thereis no evidence that digoxin or any other antiarrhythmic drugcan prevent AF in critically ill patients [41,45]. There are notrials investigating prevention...