... to influence it in special ways. In uttering the sentence, the S is often performing some non-linguistic act such as: daring, promising, resigning, requesting, and warning and so on. Hence, the ... clothing, artifacts...), the study is confined to the verbal aspects of the act of giving bad news with the use of politeness and hedging. In addition, adjacency pairs are beyond the scope of this ... author in convinced that this definition covers both ends of the continuum of positive and negative politeness by implying that politeness involves taking into account the feelings of others (Holmes,...