Energy Flow through Ecosystems

... by Jay Galvin; credit b: modification of work by Ingo Wölbern) 2/11 Energy Flow through Ecosystems Ecosystems and Disturbance Ecosystems are complex with many interacting parts They are routinely ... this food chain 3/11 Energy Flow through Ecosystems These are the trophic levels of a food chain in Lake Ontario at the United States–Canada border Energy and nutrients flow...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2017, 00:37

... Types of energy heat energy mechanical energy (+gravitational energy, etc.) chemical energy = energy stored in molecular bonds The distribution of sola radiation energy in the biosphere ... of measuring PN  Aquatic ecosystems  To estimate the change in O2 concentration in light/dark bottle  Water sample containing phytoplankton O2 produced by photosynthesis O2 consum...

Ngày tải lên: 15/06/2017, 20:01

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 19:33

... L -cysteine at glassy carbon electrode using Nile blue A as a mediator Sens Actuat B 2007, 122, 282–288 Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A. ; Hashemi, H.S Voltammetric determination of cysteine using carbon paste ... Chromatograms of cysteine were registered and peak height was calculated using a chromatogram data integrator (Scientific Information Service Corp., Davis, CA, USA) The...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:18

... 3GPP-LTE Therefore, we will focus on the maximizing energy efficiency problem in the downlink MIMO systems in this article Previous works mainly focused on maximizing energy efficiency in the single-input ... single-input single-output (SISO) systems [3–7] and point to point single user (SU) MIMO systems [8–10] In the uplink TDMA SISO channels, the optimal transmiss...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 3GPP-LTE Therefore, we will focus on the maximizing energy efficiency problem in the downlink MIMO systems in this article Previous works mainly focused on maximizing energy efficiency in the single-input ... single-input single-output (SISO) systems [3–7] and point to point single user (SU) MIMO systems [8–10] In the uplink TDMA SISO channels, the optimal transmiss...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... mode switching between SU -MIMO and MU -MIMO was presented in [15-18] Maximizing the “Bits per-Joule” energy efficiency (BPJEE) in the downlink MIMO systems with imperfect CSIT is addressed in this ... increase the inter-user interference, in which the multiplexing gain makes transmit power saving, but inter-user interference induces transmit power wasting In order...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... thing, maximizing the NEE needs the global information in the cooperative multi-cell system but the users are difficult to get these global information to control their power cooperatively in the ... ICIC The increasing comes from two reasons The first one comes from the SINR improvement through exploiting the inter-cell interference and the second one comes from...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... fluid Several researchers have analyzed the two-fluid models for blood flow through stenosed arteries 17, 20, 23 Chakravarty et al 11 studied the unsteady flow of blood through stenosed tapered arteries, ... hydrodynamical factor for tapered tube geometry is the pressure loss which leads to diminished blood flow through the grafts 10 Hence, the mathematical modeling of blo...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 18:20

... Cite this article as: Kislukhin: Stochasticity of flow through microcirculation as a regulator of oxygen delivery Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 2010 7:29 Submit your next manuscript ... consumption by vasomotion Math Biosci 2004, 191(1):101-108 15 Pradhan RK, Chakravarthy VS, Prabhakar A: Effect of chaotic vasomotion in skeletal muscle on tissue oxygenation M...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... and M6 at pump design point The existence of back flow in the passages will increase the loss of the flow and thus reduce the efficiency of the centrifugal pump Some modification of the pump ... pressure side of blade surface The change of flow patterns at low flow rate is not obvious for model impellers M3 and M6, but it can still be seen that the recirculation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... M5 Rotational speed (rpm) 2900 1 450 2900 1 450 2900 1 450 Design flow (m /h) 27 14 270 180 70 45 Design efficiency (%) 55 48 76 81 74 .5 65 Calculated efficiency (%) 58 .68 52 .5 79. 25 84.86 76 .5 ... size centrifugal pumps 82 Chapter Results and Discussions Table 5. 1 Specifications of model impellers Impeller Model M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 Design speed 54 0 600 2900 1 450 2900...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... standard of our pump test stand This international standard is the first of a set dealing with acceptance tests of centrifugal, mixed flow and axial pumps; they correspond to three classes of tests ... each flow rate The performance test characteristics of design point are also recorded For example, to test the fourth model pump M4 at rotational speeds of 2900 rpm and 145...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14

... Ideal Gas Law: ρg = wp R0 T (3. 5) where w is the molecular weight of gas, and R0 is the Universal Gas constant Eqs (3. 1), (3. 2), (3. 3), (3. 4) and (3. 5) form a closed set of non-linear partial differential ... value σ =1 37 Chapter Theoretical Models of Two-Phase Flow 3. 4 Boundary Conditions The implementation of boundary conditions for multiphase flow is very similar to t...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:14