... just ranges from to 20 nl To increase the sensitivity, two approaches, either to increase the amount of analyte added to the capillary or to improve the sensitivity of the detector, may be applied ... though they migrate opposite to the direction of the EOF, are also transported to the detector (on the cathode side) Since their migration velocities are typically lower than the velocity of the EOF, ... time; η: the viscosity of the buffer; L: the total length of the capillary In the case of all hydrodynamic sample introductions, it is necessary that the material in the capillary is free to flow...