Applied batch cryptography

... 1011 8-2 , each allowing use of any n-bit block cipher E and providing hash-codes of bitlength m ≤ n and m ≤ 2n, respectively Hash function Matyas-Meyer-Oseas Davies-Meyer Miyaguchi-Preneel MDC-2 ... produce 128-bit hash-codes The general construction, however, can be used with other block ciphers MDC-2 and MDC-4 make use of the following pre-specified components: Handbook of Appl...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 16:15

... to chosen-ciphertext attacks,5 Both chosen-ciphertext and chosen-plaintext attacks are of concern for challenge-response techniques based on symmetric-key encryption Handbook of Applied Cryptography ... 10.34) (iii) Example of zero-knowledge proof: Fiat-Shamir identification protocol The general idea of a zero-knowledge (ZK) proof is illustrated by the basic version of the Fiat...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... Message Octet-string-to-integer conversion Message hashing YES Message digest encoding NO REJECT RSA computation Data block formatting Integer-to-octet-string conversion Octet-string-tointeger ... while digital signatures with appendix are applied to messages of arbitrary length The one-way function h in Algorithm 11.5 is Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorsch...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 03:15

... requirement of an on-line (real-time), off-line, or no third party; (b) degree of trust required in a third party (e.g., trusted to certify public keys vs trusted not to disclose long-term secret ... Properties ↓ Protocol point-to-point key update Shamir’s no-key protocol Kerberos Needham-Schroeder shared-key Otway-Rees Protocol 13.12 server type none none KDC KDC KDC KTC use of timesta...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 01:15

... (b) on-line on-line TTP A [optional] B (c) off-line off-line TTP A [optional] B communications carried out prior to protocol run Figure 13.2: In-line, on-line, and off-line third parties In-line ... Distinguishing properties of escrow systems include: applicability to store-and-forward vs real-time user communications capability of real-time decryption of user traffic requirement of ta...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 09:15

... authentication of so-called accreditation information, authentication of messages, and the signing of messages The central authentication protocol involves a commitment-challenge-response Handbook of Applied ... The majority of the patent consists of C-code listings specifying the ciphers The patent contains twenty-seven (27) claims (ix) On-line/off-line digital signatures The...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 09:15

... signed-magnitude representation of the integers in the range [7, −7] Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorschot and S Vanstone 594 Ch 14 Efficient Implementation Signed-magnitude ... representations of the exponents ei , ≤ i ≤ k − Let Ij be the non-negative integer whose binary representation is the jth column, ≤ j ≤ t, of EA, where low-order bits are at the t...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 23:15

... 4-bitstring uniquely identifies a codomain element, and hence a plaintext message Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorschot and S Vanstone 18 Ch Overview of Cryptography Often ... for the symmetric-key counterpart Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorschot and S Vanstone 32 Ch Overview of Cryptography In a large network, the numb...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... variance of a random variable X of mean µ is a non-negative number defined by Var(X) = E((X − µ)2 ) The standard deviation of X is the non-negative square root of Var(X) Handbook of Applied Cryptography ... principle of quantum physics The security of so-called quantum cryptography does not rely upon any complexity-theoretic assumptions For further details on quantum cry...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... finding a non-trivial factor of n = 455459) The following table lists the values of variables a, b, and d at the end of each iteration of step of Algorithm 3.9 Handbook of Applied Cryptography ... generator of G Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorschot and S Vanstone 104 Ch Number-Theoretic Reference Problems 3.54 Note (generalization of GDLP...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... probability of the algorithm erroneously declaring “prime” Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorschot and S Vanstone 140 Ch Public-Key Parameters 4.25 Fact (Miller-Rabin error-probability ... running time of O(m3 lg m + m2 lg p) Zp -operations There is no deterministic polynomial-time algorithm known for finding an irreducible polynomial of a specified Handboo...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... 5.7 on the universality of the next-bit test is due to Yao [1258] For a proof of Yao’s result, see Kranakis [710] and §12.2 of Stinson [1178] A proof of a generalization of Yao’s result is given ... from that of §5.4.4(iii) In the former, a sample sequence is divided into m-bit blocks, each of which is further subdivided into l-bit sub-blocks (for some divisor l of m) The numb...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20

... Chambers [238] proposed a clock-controlled cascade composed of c LFSRs each of length 32 Each 32-bit portion of the output sequence of a component LFSR Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, ... size, respectively The size of table R depends on the desired bitlength L of the keystream — each 1K byte of keystream requires 16 bytes of R Handbook of Applied...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 00:20