Homan evolutionary biology

... assumption, the only things that the forager does is search and handle prey items, so that T ¼ S þ H or T ¼ S þ h1 l1 S ¼ S 1 þ l1 h1 Þ (1: 1) We now solve this equation for the time spent searching, ... equal to and solving for x Exercise 1. 4 (M) Show that the optimal egg size based on Eq (1. 8) is xopt ¼ fcða þ 1 g1=a and for the values from Einum and Fleming that this is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... success 120 30 Size (cm) 25 20 15 10 0 10 15 Age (yr) 20 25 30 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 15 Age (yr) 20 25 Figure 2. 2 (a) von Bertalanffy growth for an organism with asymptotic size 35 cm and growth ... dL ¼ 3L2 dt dt (2: 10) and if we use this equation in Eq (2. 9), we see that 3L2 dL ¼ L2 À cL3 dt (2: 11) so that now if we divide through by 3L2, we obtain dL  c ¼ À L dt 3 3...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... C: 45, 32 , 12, 23, 26, 27, 39 1401, 138 8, 136 8, 137 9, 138 2, 138 3, 139 5 225, 160, 50, 115, 130 , 135 , 195 Ask at least two of your friends to, by inspection, identify the most variable and least ... standard for error distributions 35 0 Figure 3. 9 The sum of squared deviations for estimate of an unknown value M by the data 6.4694, 5.096, 6. 035 9, 5 .37 25, 6. 535 4, 6.5529,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... P PðtÞ dt (4: 24) 147 148 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids Equations (4. 19)– (4. 24) constitute the description of a host parasitoid system with overlapping generations and potentially different ... graph with l on the x-axis and y ¼ l or y ¼ ÀreÀl on the y-axis and look for their intersections and note that if  ¼ then l ¼ Àr) More advanced models for population dy...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... or R 181 150 100 R 150 100 S 50 50 I 0 I 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time (c) 250 S S, I, or R 200 150 R 100 50 0 50 I 100 150 Time 200 250 300 Figure 5. 6 Solutions ... 30 35 40 45 50 Time 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time (d) 220 300 200 250 180 Population size Population size 150 50 Hosts 200 200 150 100 160 140 120 100 80 50 60 40 0 10 1...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... the relevant disciplines (here, biology, economics, behavior, and quantitative methods) In this chapter, we will focus on biology and economics (and quantitative methods, of course) in large part ... 0.27 0.2 0.31 0.15 0. 36 0. 36 0 .6 0.74 0.53 1.75 0.0 1.75 1.0 2.5 1.75 3.75 3. 76 8.0 7.0 5.0 0 .62 0.44 0.24 1.03 0.53 0. 26 0. 56 0.82 0.8 0.8 11.00 7.4 5.8 10.0 6. 5 4....

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... exponentials in Eq (7. 25) for m ! and show that you obtain our previous result If you have more energy after this, the same for the solutions of T(x) from Exercises 7. 5 and 7. 2 Before moving on, ... with mean –mdt and variance dt þ o(dt) by evaluating E{dX} and E{dX2} using Eq (7. 20) and the results of Exercise 7. 1 As before, we compute u(x), the probability that X(t) hi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... À 1Þ T ðN max Þ (8: 17) and we can write Eq (8. 12) as a product of this vector and a matrix (Mangel and Tier 1993, 1994) Before doing that, let us expand the framework in Eq (8. 12) to include ... integration and differentiation on the Ð1 right hand side of Eq (8. 61), and that, for example tutxx dt ¼ Ð1 ðq2=qx2 Þ tut dt ¼ hxx and which allows us to rewrite Eq (8. 61) as " hxx...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 624–635 Lande, R., Engen, S and Saether, B.-E (2003) Stochastic Population Dynamics in Ecology and Conservation Oxford: Oxford University Press Lander, A D (2004) A calculus of purpose PLoS Biology, ... (2000) The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation New York: Oxford University Press Schmid-Hempel, P and Ebert, D (2003) On the evolutionary ecology of specific immune defense Trends in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... recombination between lineages in this species Various evolutionary forces, such as purifying selection and adaptive evolution, were detected in both coding and regulatory sequences by analyzing ... case of systematic pleiotropy between sporulation and pseudohyphal growth in yeast A survey of the two phenotypes in different wild and laboratory yeast isolates indicates that a pheno...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... 2,3,4 3,4 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 11 0 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 5 11 6 11 7 11 8 11 9 12 0 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 6 12 7 12 8 12 9 13 0 13 1 13 2 Sepsis barbata ... 0: 61 ; 1: 190 0:28 ; 1: 1 41 Likelihood state assignment 0 :11 6 ; 1: 135 0:77 ; 1: 92 0:0 .16 ; 1: 0.84 0:32 ; 1: 214...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:32

... appendages [Fig 5.1F; see Bowsher et al (20 13) for a discussion on the evolution of the appendages and Ang and Meier (20 12) for sternite appendage illustrations of other Perochaeta]: largely desclerotized ... variability The amount of data to be presented in a description is ultimately up to the author and determined by the tradeoffs between the costs (either in time...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:32