Ebook Relating system quality and software architecture Part 1

... techniques and systems However, for the past two decades, it has been replaced with Common Channel Signaling (CCS) systems Apart from a rare trace of Signaling System No (SS6) signaling, System No ... Continuous Busy 480+ 620 0.5 0.5 Ring back, Normal 440+480 Ring back, PBX 440+488 Congestion (Local) 480+ 620 0.3 0 .2 Congestion (Toll) 480+ 620 0 .2 0.3 Howler (Receiver wrongly 1...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... 30 0 34 00 Hz for speech; therefore, signaling is sent above the 34 00 Hz (and below 4000 Hz) This is known as out-of-band signaling and is used in R2 for supervisory signaling Unlike with in-band ... the called party hangs up, it sends a clear-backward signal SF uses an in-band tone In-band systems send the signaling information within the user's voice frequency range (30 0 Hz t...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... telecommunications standards and for Internet standards These two worlds are now intersecting, creating the need for additional standards to address new architectures, protocols, and features Test ... contention exists between signaling and user traffic as it does with in-band CAS Because the subscriber cannot generate particular signals intended for inter-switch (core network) signa...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... consensus standards system It provides a neutral forum to develop policies on standards issues and to serve as an oversight body to the standards development and conformity assessment programs and processes ... Satellite Equipment and Systems TR-41 User Premises Telecommunications Requirements TR-45 Mobile and Personal Communications Systems Standards TR- 46 Mobile & Personal Com...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... subscriber's and their voice mailbox Fixed-line SMS requires compatible phones, which are becoming readily available SMS is carried on the SS7/C7 network, and it makes use of SS7/C7 for the required signaling ... in the same way; the SS7/C7 network carries it, and it uses SS7/C7 for the required signaling procedures EMS allows users to obtain new ring tones, screensavers, pictures,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... bodies Signaling System No is more commonly known by the acronyms SS7 and C7 Strictly speaking, the term C7 (or, less commonly, CCS7) refers to the international Signaling System No network protocols ... description of pre-SS7 systems and SS7 history The chapter then presents the protocol stack, showing how SS7 protocols fit together It concludes with a discussion of the relevan...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... MTP3, TUP, and ISUP revised ISUP supplementary services and TCAP added 199 2 ITU-T Q.767 International ISUP, first publication 199 3 ITU-T "White Book 93 " ISUP revised 199 6 ITU-T "White Book 96 " MTP3 ... revised 199 7 ITU-T "White Book 97 " ISUP revised 199 9 ITU-T "White Book 99 " ISUP revised Under the CCITT publishing mechanism, the color referred to a published set of recommend...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... service (POTS) calls Most countries are replacing TUP with ISUP Both North America and Japan bypassed TUP and went straight from earlier signaling systems to ISUP ISUP supports both POTS and ISDN ... TUP and ISUP both perform the signaling required to set up and tear down telephone calls As such, both are circuit-related signaling protocols TUP was the first call control prot...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... particularly in the areas of signaling and digital switching SS7 provides control signaling for the PSTN, so you should understand the PSTN infrastructure to fully appreciate how it affects signaling ... particularly in the areas of signaling and digital switching SS7 provides control signaling for the PSTN, so you should understand the PSTN infrastructure to fully appreciate ho...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... between the phone and the CO: the voice component, and the signaling component The signaling that takes place between the analog phone and the CO is called inband signaling In-band signaling is primitive ... provides out-of-band signaling over the local loop ISDN access signaling coupled with SS7 signaling in the core network achieves end-to-end out-of-band signaling ISD...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... voice and in-band signaling View b shows the SS7 topology using simple associated signaling for all nodes View c shows the actual SS7-enabled PSTN topology The existing switching nodes and facilities ... channels and the signaling links that carry SS7 signaling PRI is also commonly used for business to network access Figure 5-13 shows the interconnection of VoIP architectures to...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... used for all signaling links that have a propagation delay greater than or equal to 125 ms and on all satellite signaling links [ 115] Where the one-way propagation delay is between 30 and 125 ms, ... SU and consist of an FSN, BSN, FIB, and BIB The Forward Sequence Number (FSN) and Backward Sequence Number (BSN) are cyclic binary counts in the range to 127 The Forward Indicator...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21

... until an order to begin initial alignment is received from MTP3 The FIB and the BIB of the LSSUs are set to 1, and the FSN and BSN are set to 127 Not Aligned When MTP2 receives an order to begin ... flags and signal units without error Proving Timer T4 governs the proving period, and the Alignment Error Rate Monitor (AERM) is used during this period The proving period is used to tes...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 08:21