Ebook Ethernet networks (4th edition) Part 2

... programming language such as C++ and a natural language such as English To think about a programming problem without needing to worry about the syntax details of a language such as C++, you can simply ... of object-oriented techniques Unified Modeling Language (UML) 20_CH20.fm Page 850 Monday, August 18, 2003 2:08 PM 850 Patterns and UML Display 20.6 A UML Class Diagram Square -side: dou...

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... "How many programming languages have you used? "; cin >> numberOfLanguages; 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 if (numberOfLanguages < 1) cout

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 05:21

... 01_CH01.fm Page 12 Wednesday, August 20 , 20 03 2: 21 PM 12 Pitfall C++ Basics UNINITIALIZED VARIABLES A variable has no meaningful value until ... Variable_Name _2 = Expresssion_for_Value _2, ; 01_CH01.fm Page 13 Wednesday, August 20 , 20 03 2: 21 PM Variables, Expressions, and Assignment Statements 13 EXAMPLES int count = 0, limit = 10, fudgeFactor = 2; ... expression is of type...

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... number = (1 /3) * 3; cout

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 05:21

... pointsNeeded; how cin works separate numbers with spaces 01_CH01.fm Page 34 Wednesday, August 20, 2003 2:21 PM 34 Tip C++ Basics LINE BREAKS IN I/O It is possible to keep output and input on the ... you to use the standard C++ libraries s LIBRARIES AND include DIRECTIVES #include C++ includes a number of standard libraries In fact, it is almost impossible to write a C++ program with...

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... Inequalities 45 Evaluating Boolean Expressions 46 Precedence Rules 48 Pitfall: Integer Values Can Be Used as Boolean Values 52 2.2 BRANCHING MECHANISMS 54 if-else Statements 54 Compound Statements 56 Pitfall: ... Statements 54 Compound Statements 56 Pitfall: Using = in Place of == 57 Omitting the else 58 Nested Statements 59 Multiway if-else Statement 59 The switch Statement 61 Pit...

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... example, 36, what could possibly be the meaning of (!time)? After all, that is equivalent to “not 36. ” But in C++, any nonzero integer converts to true and is converted to false Thus, ! 36 is interpreted ... INTEGER VALUES CAN BE USED AS BOOLEAN VALUES C++ sometimes uses integers as if they were Boolean values and bool values as if they were integers In particular, C++ converts the int...

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... C++ are similar to those in other high-level languages The three C++ loop statements are the while statement, the do-while statement, and the for statement The same terminology is used with C++ ...

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... start of a for statement may be any C++ expressions; therefore, they may involve more (or even fewer) than one variable, and the variables may be of any type The C++ standard does specify that the ... a loop that does terminate The following C++ code will write out the positive even numbers less than 12 That is, it will output the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, one per line, and then the...

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... $50 is only 75 cents 89 Function Basics 3.1 PREDEFINED FUNCTIONS 92 Predefined Functions That Return a Value 92 Predefined void Functions 97 A Random Number Generator 99 3.2 PROGRAMMER-DEFINED ... expression has no intuitive meaning, but C++ converts the int values to bool and then evaluates the && and ! operations Thus, C++ will evaluate this mess Recall that in C++, any nonzero in...

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... Also notice that there are three absolute value functions If you want to produce the absolute value of a number of type int, use abs; if you want to produce the absolute value of a number of type ... (i = 0; i < 10; i++) cout

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... programmer must write, is a bit more complicated The description of the function is given in two parts The first part is called the function declaration or function prototype The following is the function ... arrangement is for the function declaration and the main part of the program to appear in one or more files, with the function declaration before the main part of the program, and fo...

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... return statement in the main part of a program should be optional, practically speaking it is not The C++ standard says that you can omit the return statement in the main part of the program, but ... function You should consider the main part of a program to be a function that returns a value of type int and thus requires a return statement Treating the main part of your program as...

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... ANSI/ISO C++ standard requires that a C++ compiler that claims compliance with the standard treat any declaration in a for loop initializer as if it were local to the body of the loop Earlier C++ ... is declared at the start of a block, its scope is the entire block If the variable is declared part way through the block, the declaration does not take effect until the program reaches t...

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... Function 141 Constant Reference Parameters 142 Tip: Think of Actions, Not Code 143 Mixed Parameter Lists 144 Tip: What Kind of Parameter to Use 145 Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables 146 Tip: ... 145 Pitfall: Inadvertent Local Variables 146 Tip: Choosing Formal Parameter Names 147 Example: Buying Pizza 147 4.2 OVERLOADING AND DEFAULT ARGUMENTS 151 Introduction to Overloading 151 P...

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