... and that 29 eventually leads to comprehension For that reason, both top-down and bottom-up processes, functioning interactively, are necessary to an adequate understanding of L2 reading and reading ... for a student to handle, and should be at the level of understanding of the learner Educators can achieve this goal by applying and providing cognitive strategies such as an organizational framework ... Fishbone Chart can help in thinking of important components of a problem to solve, an issue to explore, or a project to plan Matrix The Matrix tool is helpful to identify relationships and component...