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... Management and Reporting Made Easy with SAS Learning Edition 2.0 Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc Data Management and Reporting Made Easy with SAS Learning Edition 2.0 Copyright © 2006, SAS Institute ... LIBREF, data set, and formats Data Management Join data sets, add variables, and subset data Analysis and Reporting Summarize, list,...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:06

... Company.) WHY TRACKING AND PREDICTION ARE NEEDED IN A RADAR Figure 1.1-3 Fan-beam track-while-scan S-band and X-band radar antennas emplaced on tower at Prince William Sound Alaska (S-band antenna ... where the echoes of targets and are to be expected on the second scan Such a prediction is easily made if we had an estimate of the velocity and position of targets and at the time...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... has been made and incorporated into target position estimation) for steady-state Singer g–h–k Kalman filter (After Fitzgerald, R J., ‘‘Simple Tracking Filters: Steady-State Filtering and Smoothing ... Simplified Kalman filter Kalman filter Surface or Subsurface Air 0 0 Note: ¼ within 20% of Kalman filter; ¼ 20–40% worse than Kalman filter; ¼ 40–70% worse than Kalman filter; ¼ m...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... 3.1.4 Combined Clutter Suppression and Track Initiation It is apparent from Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 that clutter suppression and track initiation go hand in hand Often the engineer generating ... 12, and 14 form the returns from such a constant-velocity target, the target having a velocity in the band between 28 and 35 knots The rule used for declaring a target present in a Doppler...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... this case M, T, and È all become a function of time (or equivalently n) and are replaced by M n and T n and Èðt n ; t nÀ1 Þ, respectively; see pages 172, 173, and 182 of reference and Chapter 15 ... g–h growing-memory (expandingmemory) filter whose weights g and h are given by (1.2-38a and 1.2-38b) The g–h filter itself is defined by (1.2-8a) and (1.2-8b) In Chapters and an i...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... matrix and their derivatives are small in the observation interval and increase monotonically outside; see Figures 5.8-2 and 5.8-3 Because the systematic errors and their derivatives are made up ... SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOM ESTIMATION ERRORS magnitude as was done in Section 1.2.4.5; see (1.2-22) and (1.2-23) One way of doing this is described in the next section 5.10 BALANCING SYST...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 14:15

... Cyber -PHP Neural Networks with FANN and PHP by Evan Nemerson Tips & Tricks By John W Holmes 47 PHP and XUL by Jonathan Protzenko 65 exit(0); PHP And the What-if Machine by Andi Gutmans and Marco ... ezsdk.com php| a June 2004 ● PHP Architect ● www.phparch.com Low-impact Programming with PHP and Oracle by John Neil F E A T U R E PHP and Oracle are an excellent...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 12:15

... (5.6-4), (5.6-7), and (5.8-1)] and systematic error [such as (5.10-2) and (5.10-3)] apply with L replaced by n The least-squares polynomial fit equations given by (5.3-11), (5.3-13), and (5.5-3) also ... track initiation; compare (1.2-38a) and (1.2-38b) with the expressions for g and h given in Table 6.3-1 for m ¼ 1; see problem 6.5-2 The filter of Section 1.2.10 and Table 6.3-1 f...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... nÀ2, r ¼ and  r ¼  , and the error for this time sample can even be bigger, and so forth Thus with this weighting the errors relative to the fitting polynomial are discounted more and more as ... fading-memory filter stability, variance, track initiation, and systematic error, as well as the issue of balancing systematic and random prediction errors and compare this filter with t...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... FUNCTION OF TIME 253 the tracking filter to approximate the target dynamics For the nonlinear dynamics model case, discussed briefly in Section 5.11 when considering the tracking of a satellite, ... obtained by using the straightforward method illustrated in Section 2.4; see (2.4-1), (2.4-1a), and (2.4-1b) and (1.3-1) in Section 1.3 However, as shall be seen later, for more complicated...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... the Kalman filter can lead to computational problems for the Kalman filter [5, Section 12.4] This form of the Kalman filter is not generally used for this reason, and it is not a form proposed by Kalman ... obtained directly from Y nþ1 and X n;n and à This is done by obtaining the their respective variances R nþ1 and S n;n à à minimum-variance estimate of X nþ1;nþ1 using Y nþ1 a...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... the first m rows of F and remaining s À m bottom rows of F Then f1 F1 ¼ ð10:2-35Þ fm0 and f m þ1 F2 ¼ ð10:2-36Þ fs and F gm0 F ¼ - F gs À m0 ð10:2-37Þ and from (10.2-8) and (10.2-31) to (10.2-34) ... follows from (4.3-9) to (4.3-11), and also from (4.3-16) and (4.3-17) and reference 79 (p 57), that F T F ¼ I ¼ FF T ð10:2-1Þ F À1 ¼ F T ð10:2-2Þ kF Yk ¼ kYk ð10:2-3Þ and Also wh...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... Using (11.1-6a) and (11.1-6b), it is easy to verify that ðt 11 Þ ¼ c t 11 þ s t 21 2 ¼ ðt 11 þ t 21 Þ 1=2 ð11:1-9Þ and that the lower left-hand component of the matrix on the right-hand side of (11.1-8) ... coordinates of the first column matrix t of T Here i and j are unit direction vectors for respectively the first and second coordinates of t , the x and y coordinates respectivel...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... first and third coordinates of ðt Þ , which is designated as 2 in (11.1-16) and Figures 11.1-2b,c Again the second t coordinate is orthogonal to the first but in the plane defined by the first and ... and the third coordinates of t are zero; see (11.1-3) This simple Givens transformation again replaces two coordinates of ðt Þ , the first and third, with one, the second being zero The fir...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17

... the plane formed by the vectors t and t or equivalently h and t Again, this is exactly how q 02, and equivalently q 2, is picked in the CGS method; see (13.1-8) and the related discussion immediately ... t to FT of (12.2-6) and (3.1-35) in general As we shall see now, the CGS orthogonalization generation of R gives us a physical significance for R and U and in turn for R and U...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 01:17