Managerial economics a problem solving approach

... described a new approach to generating text from systemic grammars State-ofthe-art AI problem solving techniques are applied directly to an unadulterated systemic grammar We have seen how this approach ... problem solving The last decade has produced problem solving techniques which use domain-specific knowledge to guide the problem solving process Problem...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... individuals is z(α), and the prices of life insurance and of the numeraire are All individuals purchase the same amount of annuities and life insurance and, for a given income, optimum utility increases ... purchase the bundle and also purchase X1 and X2 in stand-alone markets Typically, there are multiple pooling equilibria The above example demonstrates that in some e...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... purchase private annuities As figures 9.1 (a) and (b) clearly display, at all ages annuitants, whether males or females, have higher survival rates than the population average rates (table 9A. 1 ... consists of a number of risk classes Uncertainty about future risk-class realizations creates a demand by risk-averse individuals for insurance against this uncertainty The goal of di...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... medical plan that an individual has), then competition could attain the first best With many suppliers of medical care and the multitude of factors affecting survival that are subject to individuals’ ... that is “too low” can be increased by a larger a( M) August 20, 2007 Time: 05:40pm chapter05.tex CHAPTER Comparative Statics, Discounting, Partial Annuitization, and No Annuiti...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... default rate upon death because these debts are not backed by specific assets As observed by Yaari (1965) and Bernheim (1991), the purchase of a pure life insurance policy can be regarded as a sale ... portfolio rules and the flow of expected revenues and outlays on account of annuities There is an extensive financial literature that deals with this and related issues A...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... effects and, 3–4; insurance, 82 (see also insurance); low returns and, 35; medical prices and, 54; no late transactions and, 138–40; partial annuitization and, 33–34; replacement rates and, 2–3; ... uncertainty and, 77–80; individual savings and, 98–100; life cycle model and, 21–26; period-certain annuities and, 7; refundable annuities and, 144–49; risk class and, 56–66, 70; ste...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... +Ax(VxB)+Bx(VxA) V (fA)= fV A+ (A - V)f V * (A x B)= B (V x A) -A -(V x B) v x (A x B) = A( V B) - B(V - A) +(B V )A- (A - V)B Vx(fA)= VfxA+fVxA (V x A) x A = (A V )A - 'V (A A) Vx (Vx A) = V(V - A) - V A INTEGRAL ... Cartesian (rectangular) coordinates, 260 cylindrical coordinates, 271 and magnetic scalar potential, 365 spherical coordinates, 284 Laplacian of reciprocal d...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... CartesianCoordinates(x, y, z) af af Vf = - , + O i, + af i, ax Oz ay aA, aA, + aA, V A= a+ ax az ay (LAX, A AaA\ ay z V2f a' +f Ox jy + az a, O aA ax Ox ay a' f az CylindricalCoordinates ... •af4 + af r04 az Vf = arr 1a iA, aA, rr rr a Oz V *A= - -(rAr)+M +M I a BA, rr) r V~ f la0 af\ r- rr aA 82f + I(rAs) ar 'L ,+ a2 f ae+I r •O af If -14 r sin aO A (r a( sin OAo) oA* V" -A...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... 9 .3 POINT DIPOLE ARRAYS 9 .3. 1 A Simple Two Element Array (a) BroadsideArray (b) End-fireArray (c) ArbitraryCurrentPhase 9 .3. 2 An N DipoleArray 9.4 LONG DIPOLEANTENNAS 9.4.1 FarFieldSolution 9.4.2 ... Voltage 8.2 .3 Approach to the dc Steady State 8.2.4 Inductors and Capacitorsas Quasi-static Approximations to Transmission Lines 8.2.5 Reflections from Arbitrary Terminations 8 .3 SI...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... proportional to its magnitude The vector A = A~ i +A, i, +Ai, in Figure 1 -4 has magnitude A= IA = [A +A +AI Note that each of the components in (1) (A. , A, , and A, ) are themselves scalars The direction ... by the _AY A = A I IAI =A = (A Figure 1 -4 directions + Ayly+ AI1, +A +A. ]' A vector is described by its components along the three coordinate Vector Algebra scalar I...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... infinitesimally small, each of the bracketed terms defines a partial derivative aA 3A ýAMz lim ( = + + AV (4) ax-o \ax ay az where AV = Ax Ay Az is the volume enclosed by the surface S The coefficient ... of AV in (4) is a scalar and is called the divergence of A It can be recognized as the dot product between the vector del operator of Section 1-3-1 and the vector A: aAx aA, + aA, di...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... and the vector A This operation is called the curl of A and it is also a vector: i, a i, ax ay az A curl A= Vx A= det i, A, A, _A, A * (a ay az ) tA• + aA) aA, aAM\ az ax aAz•x (6) The cyclical ... yield A - dl (Vx A) , = lim Ar-O rAr AO =C - rr aA\ - (rA) 84 (14) ) The curl of a vector in cylindrical coordinates is thus VxA= IM (A, aA r a4 az aA )ir+ (A = az + aA A...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... (VxA) a, aA, aA, \ a aA az / y az -ax\y xaA, a2 A -\xay avax , aA, aA) a aA, aA\ ax I az\ ax ay / A a2 A, a2 Ax \ayaz azay) \azax ax(z ( where again the order of differentiation does not matter PROBLEMS ... +,( af ayaz azay 2f) a/ + i(.I2- azax axaz af).0 axay ayax) (28) Each bracketed term in (28) is zero because the order of differentiation does not matter (b) The Divergence of...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... Vx(AxB) =A( V B)-B(V A) +(B.V )A- (A Problems 47 (f) Vx(fA)=VfxA+fVxA (g) (VxA)xA= (A- V)AV (A. A) (h) Vx(VxA)=V(V -A) -V A 25 Two points have Cartesian coordinates (1, 2, - 1) and (2, -3, 1) (a) What is ... (al A charged rod near a neutral ball will induce an opposite charge on the near surface Since the ball is initially neutral, an equal amount of positive charge remains on the far...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20

... 2-8 Two equal magnitude point charges are a distance a apart along the z axis (a) When the charges are of the same polarity, the electric field due to each is radially directed away In the z ... show that particular field components are zero The distance rQp is always positive In taking square roots, always make sure that the positive square root is taken The solution to a particula...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 02:20