... iron-containing ashes (Flores et al., 2008), iron-coated pumice particles (Kitis and Kaplan, 2007), and ironimmobilized aluminates (Muthuvel and Swaminathan, 2008) Clays and oxide minerals, either as ... Pan et al., 2008) The intercalation of metal oxocations increases the basal spacing of the parent clays The increase in basal spacing is higher for Fe-supported Al-PILC catalysts (FeAl-PILC) ... structure of clay minerals is more stable against leaching than exchangeable iron in the interlayer space (Cheng et al., 2008) Conclusions Clays and iron -oxide minerals possess structural and surface...