Fundamentals Of Global Positioning System Receivers

... 10 9 10 9 11 0 11 1 11 4 11 5 11 5 11 7 11 9 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 6 12 7 12 9 13 0 13 1 13 3 13 3 13 4 13 5 13 6 13 7 x CONTENTS 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7 .10 7 .11 7 .12 7 .13 7 .14 Time Domain Correlation Circular Convolution and ... 14 0 14 3 14 4 14 6 14 9 14 9 15 0 15 1 15 6 15 9 16 5 16 5 16 6 16 8 16 9 17 1 17 3 17 5 17 6 17 8 18 0 18 2 18 6 18 8 18...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... form as adx dr (2. 14) where dr and dx are vectors, a is a matrix They can be written as dr [dr1 dr2 ··· drn ]T dx [dx u dyu dzu dbu ]T a1 1 a a       21 a3 1 a4 1 a n1 a1 2 a2 2 a3 2 a4 2 a1 3 ... these relations into Equation (2. 52) and solving for r , the result is r2 ΂ cos2 Lco sin2 Lco + a2 b2 e e r2 a2 e [ ΃ r2 ΂ b2 cos2 Lco + a2 (1 − cos2 Lco ) e e a2...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... ellipse and the circle can be related as QP SP as bs (3. 22) Therefore, the area PSV can be obtained from area PQV as area PSV bs area PQV as bs as [ bs (area OQV − area OQP) as 2 as E − a sin E ... efficiency of the antenna and the accuracy of the solid angle of the antenna because the power cannot be cut off sharply at a desired angle If the receiving antenna has a unit gain, the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... universal gravitational parameter and is a constant, as and Dn are obtained from ephemeris data From this n value the mean anomaly can be found from Equation (4. 23) as M M + n(t c − t oe ) (4. 34) where ... idot: rate of inclination angle 4. 12 SUMMARY This chapter takes the satellite position calculated in Chapter and transforms it into an earth-centered, earth-fixed coordinate sys...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... Almanac data: The almanac parameters provided in subframes and ˙ are: es , t oa , Q , as , Q e , q, M , af , and af The almanac data are much less accurate than the detailed ephemeris data of ... indication of the transmitting satellite The MSB (bit 77) indicates a summary of the health of the navigation data, where bit 77 equals: All navigation data are OK Some or all navigation da...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... data and the software is written to process real data If a software receiver is designed to process complex data and only real data are available, the real data can be changed to complex data ... degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio Spilker(11) indicated that a 1-bit ADC degrades the signal-to-noise ratio by 1. 96 dB and a 2-bit ADC degrades the signal-to-noise by 0.55 dB Man...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... cannot detect a weak signal Longer data records are needed to acquire a weak signal As mentioned in Sections 7. 4 and 7. 5, an increase in the data length can require many more operations One way ... data length The advantage of this approach is the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio One simple explanation is that an FFT with ms of data produces a frequency resolution of 500...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... points of satellites for 81 ms of data are listed in Table 8. 1 These values are the input data points that represent the beginning of a C/ A code For each satellite the data points are separated ... to track 20 ms of data without a navigation data phase transition, one must find a phase transition in the data This requirement puts an additional restraint on the acquisition p...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... Section 9. 6 The first navigation data point can be padded with data points of the same sign to make the first navigation data point always occur at 21 ms This approach creates one navigation data point ... srvy8210; angmat ang; ptnumat transpt; rymkmat fintime; [st navd] navdat(angmat); ∗find naviga data (20ms) & first angle 224 GPS SOFTWARE RECEIVERS transition [point, navdata] matsubf(...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... locations of the GPS satellites as seen by the receiver(s), plays a very important role in the total positioning accuracy [5] The better the satellite geometry strength, the better the obtained positioning ... separation between the two receivers, the more similar the errors and biases Therefore, if we take the difference between the measurements collected at these...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... dựng hệ thống định vị toàn cầu năm 1960 Các hệ thống định vị đ ợc thực giới hệ thống NAVSTA, hệ thống GLONASS 2.2.1 Hệ thống NAVSTA Hệ thống định vị toàn cầu GPS đợc sử dụng phổ biến giới hệ thống ... giả: Nguyễn Văn Duy Chơng II Tổng quan hệ thống định vị Định vị dẫn đờng có từ lâu sống Ngời ta đa nhiều phơng pháp định vị giới thiệu...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 11:36

... II-2 13 B-3 Cs II- 21 39 A -1 II-4 19 19 A-5 Cs II-22 35 B-4 Cs II-5 17 17 D-3 Cs II-23 34 D-4 Rb II-8 21 21 E-2 Cs II-24 36 C -1 Cs II-9 15 15 D-5 Cs II-25 33 C-2 Cs II -1 0 23 23 E-5 Cs II-26 40 10 ... · 12 9 13 1 13 2 13 3 13 4 13 5 13 8 13 9 14 0 14 2 14 4 14 6 14 7 14 9 15 0 15 1 Contents xi 11 Other Satellite Navigation Systems 15 5 11 .1 11. 2 11 .3 1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... and L2, and the navigation message) However, after the AS activation, the P-code was encrypted to Y-code This means that the receiver cannot output either the P-code or the L2 carrier using the ... its unique 1-week segment of the P-code For example, a GPS satellite with an ID of PRN 20 refers to a GPS satellite that is assigned the twentieth-week segment of the P...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... circles Figure 3. 8 shows the sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001, which was 33 0 N 30 30 0 60 W 270 90 E 120 240 210 150 180 S Figure 3. 8 GPS sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001 GPS Errors and ... precision of the GPS positioning at the one-sigma (1-s) level To obtain the precision at the 2-s level, sometimes referred to as approximately 95% of the time, w...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22