Paraphrasing

... ion is parenthesized following the "assuming that " clause Example (F) below illustrates the paraphrase for a question containing several clauses of given information and no clauses defining specific ... Sentence Reptuentatton in Natural Language Inferenctng', to appear in IJCAI Proceedinqs 79 13 [KAMAN79] Kaplan, S J , "Cooperative Responses from a Portable Natural Larquage Dat...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... techniques are used to align phrases within sentence pairs in a bilingual corpus A significant difference between the present work and that employing monolingual parallel corpora, is that our method ... cried and comfort as console While monolingual parallel corpora often have identical contexts that can be used for identifying paraphrases, bilingual parallel corpora not Instead, we...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... parallel corpora as paraphrase resource, while we exploit and combine multiple resources SMT-based Paraphrasing Model The SMT-based paraphrasing model used by Quirk et al (2004) was the noisy channel ... that improves the SMT-based sentence-level paraphrase generation using phrasal paraphrases automatically extracted from different resources Our contribution is that we combine...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... text, routines for generating relative clauses, although, again, none may occur in the input text, and a routine for converting source text verbs to output text forms ending in '-ing.' miners, or ... Looking ahead, the dependency tree that will be derived will be equivalent to the following: AUTOMATIC PARAPHRASING IN ESSAY FORMAT All of the information concerning the constructions i...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 17:20

... Experiments 7 .1 117 Experimental Design 11 8 7 .1. 1 7 .1. 2 Baseline system 12 1 7 .1. 3 Paraphrase system 12 6 7 .1. 4 7.2 Data ... 10 9 6.3 .1 6.3.2 Reuse of judgments 11 3 6.3.3 Correspondences between source and translations 11 1 Translation accuracy 11 5 Translation Experiments ... 1. 3 Introduction Related publications Literature Review 11 2 .1 Previous paraphra...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... corpora are discussed in Sections 2. 1 .2, 2. 1.3, and 2. 1.4, respectively 2. 1 .2 Paraphrasing with multiple translations Barzilay (20 03) suggested that multiple translations of the same foreign source ... paraphrasing templates (Ravichandran and Hovy, 20 02; Barzilay and Lee, 20 03; Pang et al., 20 03; Dolan and Brockett, 20 05) This thesis proposes a method for extra...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... parameter and directly handled word-tophrase and phrase-to-phrase mappings Phrase-based SMT’s use of multi-word units also reduced the dependency on the distortion parameter In phrase-based models ... result in poor estimates of the two translation probabilities in Equations 3. 3 and 3. 4 and thus result in a different 3. 3 Factors affecting paraphrase quality 43 eˆ2 maximizing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... Here counts are collected from Danish-English, Dutch-English, French- English, German-English, Portuguese English and Spanish-English parallel corpora 3 .4 Refined paraphrase probability calculation ... paraphrase quality Section 4. 1 presents our evaluation criteria and methodology Section 4. 2 presents our experimental design and data Section 4. 3 presents our results Section 4....

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... 688,032 13,808 ,50 7 15, 599,186 German-English 751 ,089 16, 052 ,704 15, 257 ,873 Italian-English 682,734 14,784,374 14,900,783 Spanish-English 730,741 15, 222 ,50 7 15, 7 25, 138 2, 852 ,59 6 59 ,868,092 61,482,980 ... usado as arms policy 5. 2 Handling unknown words and phrases 85 Table 5. 1 gives example paraphrases of the unknown source words along with their translations If we had...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... transcribed words are unambiguous and occur in the fixed order (Levenshtein, 1 966 ) In translation, on the other hand, there are different ways of wording a translation, and some phrases can occur in ... upon Callison-Burch et al (2006b) with additional discussion of allowable variation in translation, and by presenting a method for targeted manual evaluation 95 96 Chapter Evaluatin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... unigrams, 28, 890 unique bigrams, 44,194 unique trigrams, and unique 48, 259 4-grams Table 7.11 gives the percentage of these which have transla- 7.2 Results 135 Size 1-gram 2-gram 3-gram 4-gram 10k 48% ... single-word and the multi-word paraphrase con- 134 Chapter Translation Experiments Spanish-English Corpus size 10k 20k 40k 80 k 160k 320k Single word w/o ff 23.0 25.1 26.7 28. 0 29....

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... small and medium-sized for small and medium-sized producers 0.863 producers for small and medium-sized enterprises 0.061 for smes 0.014 for small and medium-sized businesses 0.012 for small- and ... 0.011 thousands of young people 0.601 thousands of young men 0.2 49 hundreds of young people 0.064 several thousand young people 0.0 29 thousands of people 0.0 29 thousands of young w...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... Computational Linguistics (EACL-2006), Trento, Italy Chris Callison-Burch, David Talbot, and Miles Osborne (2004) Statistical machine translation with word- and sentence-aligned parallel corpora In ... tele- we only have to look at our tele- basta que miremos a nuevisores and see the present dif- BASELINE SYSTEM REFERENCE SOURCE 172 Appendix B Example Translations criticisms the socia...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 17:20

... mind  The customer is not ready to order food You will have wider selection to choose from the booklet  She can choose items in the cataloge What kind of bookshelf are you looking for?  She ... Thông báo/ hướng dẫn/ quảng cáo Nhóm chủ đề xuất Part Dù phải trả lời lien tục nhiều câu hỏi bạn học cách nhận câu hỏi theo chủ đề, bạn trả lời dễ dàng Cụm từ due date  deadline understaffed  .....

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2014, 06:57

... for paraphrasing: multiple translations, comparable corpora, and monolingual corpora Sources for multiple translations include different translations of classic French novels into English, and ... advantages and disadvantages when used as a source of data for paraphrasing The pros and cons of data-driven paraphrasing techniques based on multiple translations, comparable corpora,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:00