International handbook of bilingualism and bilingual education

... theories of friction and wear can be developed if the size and the spatial distributions of the contact spots are known The size of contact spots ranges from nanometers to micrometers, making tribology ... distribution of islands on Earth’s surface follows the power law N(a) ≈ a–D/2, where N is the total number of islands with area larger than a and D is the fractal dimensio...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... of lubrication studies of polar and nonpolar lubricants and Langmuir–Blodgett and chemically grafted films, using atomic force/friction force microscopy 8.2 Nanodeformation, Adhesive Forces, and ... dense films of long-chain molecules Bhushan et al (1995b,c) conducted micro- and macroscale friction and wear studies on single-grafted and double-grafted octodecyl (C18) and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... and Adhesion Nanoscale Friction • Microscale Friction and Adhesion 14.5 Scratching and Wear Nanoscale Wear • Microscale Scratching • Microscale Wear 14.6 Indentation Picoscale Indentation • Nanoscale ... 14 Micro/ Nanotribology and Micro/ Nanomechanics of Magnetic Storage Devices Bharat Bhushan 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Experimental Experimental Apparatus and Measurement Techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... Mechanics and Reliability of Flexible Magnetic Media, Springer-Verlag, New York Bhushan, B (1995), Handbook of Micro/ Nanotribology, CRC, Boca Raton, FL Bhushan, B (1996a), Tribology and Mechanics of ... review of macro- and micro/ nanotribological studies of single-crystal silicon and polysilicon, oxidized and implanted silicon, doped and undoped polysilicon films...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 12:15

... chemical and mechanical properties of the surface and near-surface region of the tip and sample determine the adhesive behavior A compliant tip–sample system of large curvature radius and large ... of JKRS theory, and the pull-off force goes to –1.5πRϖ For the limit of λ equals zero, the system responds like the DMT mechanics, and the pull-off force approaches –2πRϖ Meas...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 03:15

... Hysteresis Rheology of Molecularly Thin Films: Nanorheology Different Modes of Friction: Limits of Continuum Models • Viscous Forces and Friction of Thick Films: Continuum Regime • Friction of Intermediate ... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; van Megan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Henderson and Loz...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... Films and Boundary Lubrication • Nanocontacts • Quartz Microbalance Experiments in Tribology 6.4 Modeling of an SFFM Resolution in SFFM • Deformation of Tip and Sample • Modeling of SFM and SFFM: ... Akamine et al., 1990; Wolter et al., 1991) and, on the other hand, to new detection schemes, in particular to the optical beam deflection method (Meyer and Amer, 1988, 1...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... Measurement • Determination of Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Thin Films from the Composity Response of Film and Substrate 10.4 Examples of Measured Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials ... Measurements • Hardness and Elastic Modulus Measurements 10.5 10.6 Microscratch Resistance Measurement of Bulk Materials Using Micro/ Nanoscratch Technique Nanoindenta...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... Micro- and nanotribological techniques are ideal for studying the friction and wear processes of micro- and nanostructures Although micro/ nanotribological studies are critical to study micro- and nanostructures, ... Techniques and Applications Bharat Bhushan 1.1 1.2 1.3 History of Tribology and Its Significance to Industry Origins and Significance of Micro/ Nanotribo...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 04:20

... square pulse of width 12 between 310 and 356, a triangle of period 40 between 356 and 396, a triangle of period 20 between 400 and 420, a triangle of period 12 between 430 and 442, and, finally, ... plate area A of 20 µm by 40 µm and a separation of µm, one obtains a capacitance of 31 fF (neglecting stray capacitance and the capacitance of the connection leads) an...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... description of issues and techniques in the physics of surfaces of interest in nanotribology This field of research is exceedingly difficult with the effects of a wide variety of materials and phenomena ... the disparity between true area of contact and apparent area of contact and the tracking of friction force with load, since the asperities and thus the true area...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... Techniques AFM for Microscratching/Microwear and Nanoindentation • Nano/ Picoindenter 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Microscratching/Microwear Studies Nanofabrication/Nanomachining Studies Nano/ Picoindentation Closure ... measurement of mechanical properties on nano- to picoscales © 1999 by CRC Press LLC This chapter presents an overview of microscratching/microwear, nanofabrication/nanomachining,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20