The english verb

... Tense English language − Grammar I Reed, Susan, 19 59− II Cappelle, Bert, 19 75− III Title PE13 01. D36 2006 42 51. 62−dc22 2006020424 ISBN -13 : 978-3 -11 - 018 589-8 ISBN -10 : 3 -11 - 018 589-X ISSN 14 34-3452 ... Topics in English Linguistics 60 -1 Editors Bernd Kortmann Elizabeth Closs Traugott Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York The Grammar of the English Verb Phr...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... Definition of mood and modality 22 22 22 23 23 24 25 27 28 28 30 31 33 35 37 37 38 38 IV 1 .28 1 .29 1.30 1.31 1. 32 The precise meanings and uses of ‘situation’ and ‘actualization’ Definition of ‘situation’, ... lexical verbs 12 12 12 13 13 15 15 17 18 20 III A 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 B 1 .20 1 .21 1 .22 1 .23 1 .24 1 .25 1 .26 C 1 .27 Meaning categories expresse...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... with the past tense and the present perfect Chapters 13 and 14 look at the semantics of the temporal adverbs when, before and after and the consequences of these semantics both for the adverbial ... built in the sixties) If the head is a verb, the phrase is a verb phrase (VP) In the following sentence the VP is in italics and the verb head is underlined:...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... definitions of verb phrase In 1.7 we have defined the VP as that part of the predicate constituent that does not contain optional adverbials (In many cases the predicate consists of a VP only.) ... located in the future The situation of their causing a disturbance, however, is interpreted as lying in the future in the first case, in the present in the second, and...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... that the theft was committed before the confession The time of the confession is thus the orientation time to which the time of the theft is represented as anterior by the past perfect In sum, verb ... dictionaries) 1.16 The formation of the past tense The regular past tense indicative form consists of the stem of the verb and a suffix usually written a...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... represents the actualization of a situation (Both ontological aspect and actualization aspect are determined by the choice of lexical material, the former on the level of the verb phrase, the latter ... was in the middle of writing an essay ’) There are in principle three kinds of imperfective aspect, depending on whether the speaker focuses on the beginning, t...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... determined in the first instance by the meanings of the verb and of the other components of the predicate constituent (as defined in 1 .7) and the semantic relations between them If a verb, VP or ... predicate constituent The latter consists of the verb phrase (VP) and the optional adverbial(s), if any The VP consists of the verb form (ϭ verb ϩ auxil...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... term verb phrase (VP) Strictly speaking, a verb phrase is a phrase (group of words) with a verb as head Thus, the clause John presumably left the house contains the VP left the house (Together ... (and to the clauses denoting them), the literature also applies these labels to the verbs or verb phrases which typically refer to a particular group of situations We...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... example, the features [( dynamic] and [( agentive] help to determine the possibility of using the verb phrase in the progressive form The distinction [( telic] is relevant to the use of temporal adverbials ... However, for the sake of convenience, we will extend the use of ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’, so that they apply to the following three cases Firstly, the labe...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... ashes.] The fact that the transition cannot form part of the ‘middle part of the situation referred to by the progressive form is due to the fact that the transition itself is the possible end of the ... atelic verb phrases is to try using the gerund form of the verb phrase as direct object of complete or finish, which refer to the natural point of...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... on the level of the clause (which refers to actualization), the indication of the full length of a situation can also be the result of measuring the situation when the endpoint of the actualization ... result of this kind of measuring, it renders the clause (and the actualizing situation referred to) bounded, but it does not affect the atelic nature of t...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... the VP is atelic It is irrelevant to this whether the three people walked together or one after another Since walk is atelic, the situation of the third person walking has no inherent point of ... was in the library suggests that the proposition ‘John be in the library’ only applies in the past and not in the present, i e that the situation is no longer actualizing at...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... does not alter the fact, though, that in nonprogressive clauses the (a)telic nature of the VP is one of the strongest factors determining the (non)boundedness of the sentence using the VP in question.) ... run a marathon.) Until a couple of years ago I knew the answer to that question (L-bounded: the until-adverbial specifies the endpoint of the actualization...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

... from the fact that the nature of the subject NP may affect the interpretation of the actualization of a situation as homogeneous or not, it is often not possible to decide on the homogeneity of ... drink a glass of beer, in which no single part of the situation constitutes a full instance of drinking a glass of beer) Some of the information which determines...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20