... elements, ri, by allocating some orall of the cost budget, c0, to fund redesign for higher reliability.2. Place components in parallel with the subsystems that operate contin-344RELIABILITY ... this method isquite useful even if it is not the first one attempted. Adopting the terminologyof government contracting (which generally has parallels in the commercialworld), we might say ... very large system, we might consider continuing the optimization to level2by applying apportionment again to each of the subsystem goals. In fact,we can continue this process until we reach the...