... "mechanistic" and "organic" organizations [41], and McGregor's "Theory X" and "Theory Y" of management [42] Mechanistic organizations are said to be characterized by a clear understanding among employees ... term "organization" replaced "institution" and "school ," and instead of being a "mentor, sage or father/mother figure ," managers were "warm and caring, and acted as mentors or guides ." However, in ... two), and the touchstone is "permanence and stability" and "keeping things the same" (item 13) This suggests that a crucial difference may exist between this emergent factor and the original construct,...