... sharp diffraction peaks (Fig 1a) are observed, indicative of high-degree crystallinity On the other hand, the as-synthesized h- WO3 with the NH4 + -based EDTA sample showed broader peaks with ... urchin-like (NH4 + -based EDTA) and (c) JCPDS card # 3 3-1 387, hydrothermally synthesized at 180 ◦ C for h solutions are shown in Fig For the as-synthesized h- WO3 with Na+ -based EDTA, intense and ... bundles and urchin-like structure crystalline hWO3 samples were synthesized through hydrothermal reaction of Na2 WO4 · 2H2 O, HCl and Na+ - or NH4 + -based EDTA salt solutions in the presence of Na2...