Manipulation of turbulent flow for drag reduction and heat transfer enhancement 4

... 20 45 25 15 15 45 10 45 50 25 Z 30 35 40 45 25 25 30 35 40 30 Z 45 10 20 35 Dx = −7.5% 50 15 10 40 45 45 30 40 45 45 50 15 45 15 45 10 15 15 30 25 30 35 20 10 12 45 10 X 12 X (a) Case 3C.1 40 ... symmetric dimple, which may be the cause of the enhancement of heat transfer 4. 4.2 Mean characteristics of drag and heat transfer Since Case has higher heat...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... List of Tables xiii List of Figures xv Nomenclature xxii Chapter Introduction 1. 1 1 1 .1. 1 Passive methods 1. 1.2 Active methods 15 1. 1.3 1. 2 Review of drag ... drag reduction methods Summary of different drag reduction methods 18 Review of heat transfer enhancement methods 18 1. 2 .1 Dimples 20 iv 1. 2.2 1. 3 ... structures for low and high pro...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:10

... and DeWitt, 20 02) , respectively: Cf = [1.58 ln (Re 2H ) − 2. 185] 2 , 1500 ≤ Re 2H ≤ 2. 5 × 106 , (2. 25) 52 Nu = Cf /2 (Re 2H − 500) Pr + 12. 7 (Cf /2) 1 /2 Pr 2/ 3 −1 , 1500 ≤ Re 2H ≤ 2. 5×106 (2. 26) ... 2 × × π 58 52. 3 97.93% 98 .27 % 2 × × 2 5 829 .7 98 .21 % 98.87% 4π × × π 5804.5 98. 52% 99 .26 % Table 2. 2: Domain independence test for DNS 2. 4.1 .2 DES Mesh reso...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... Case 3. 2 .3 Global performance of drag difference 3. 2 .3. 1 The definition of drag difference To find the quantitative relationship between flow rate increase ΔQ and drag reduction, the normalized drag ... − 13. 87% − 13. 64% trapezoidal (a=c=b/4) −15.71% −15.02% Table 3. 3: Comparison of drag difference of the original shape and the first mode in Fourier space at α = 0....

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... 15 10 X (a) 5% (b) 10% 0 Fm/Sm0 27 23 19 15 11 -1 -5 -9 Fm/Sm0 50 40 30 20 10 -10 Z Z 15 X 10 10 10 15 10 X (c) 15% 15 X (d) 20% Fm/Sm0 85 70 55 40 25 10 -5 -20 Z 10 10 15 X (e) 25% Figure 5. 5: ... 10 15 10 X (a) 5% (b) 10% 10 10 Nu/Nu0 10 9.2 8.4 7.6 6.8 5. 2 4.4 3.6 2.8 1.2 Z Z Nu/Nu0 7 .5 6 .5 5 .5 4 .5 3 .5 2 .5 1 .5 15 X 10 15 10 X (c) 15% 15 X (d) 20% Nu/Nu0...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... responsible for the pilot study, participated in the design of the trial and was responsible for coordination of trial activities and trial procedures RN conceived of the study, participated in the trial ... investigator-initiated, randomized, multi-center, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase clinical trial It focused on the potential of Swe...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... εol=12% vol  144 α2F, W/(m2.K) Evaporation, Condensation and Heat Transfer q=36,3 kW/m2 5000 εo 17% 15% 14% 11% 9% 7% 6% 4% 2% 45 00 40 00 3500 3000 τlim 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ... disturbance in heat transfer  142 Evaporation, Condensation and Heat Transfer a) ΔT [K] 100 OCW-P 90 80 OCW-RK 70 OCW-EK Water - Antracen oil 60 50 5%p1 40 30 30%p1...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... difference being an in- frame insertion of 36 bp in Ara h 2.02, resulting in an insertion of 12 amino acids containing an extra copy of the sequence DPYSPS, a known allergenic IgE-binding epitope [14,15] ... background information Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33:2806-2812 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-11-81 Cite this article as: Knoll et al.: TILLING for allergen reduction and improv...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:20

... fulfillment of requirements for a doctoral degree of engineering Catalytic activity and reaction mechanism of Au/TiO2 for the reduction of NOx by propene By Nguyen Quang Long 06D51501 (Supervised by Professor ... on the catalytic activity To investigate the reaction mechanism of the SCR by propene over Au/TiO2 To understand the mechani...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 05:57

... that is system capacity In Chapter 5, the MIMO -OFDM system capacity with imperfect feedback channel is investigated In Chapter 6, the capacity variances for OFDM systems over Rayleigh and Ricean ... 6) Chapter 2: OFDM systems and MIMO systems Since the thesis studies the channel estimation for OFDM systems and system capacity for MIMO -OFDM sy...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:28

... Bull Malays Math Sci Soc 2006, 29(1), 33-42 [15] Das S S., Satapathy A. , Das J K., Panda J P Mass transfer effects on MHD flow and heat transfer past a vertical porous plate through a porous medium ... 927-941 [9] Sattar M A Free convection and mass transfer flow through a porous medium past an infinite vertical porous plate with time depend...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... conduct a small-scale cross- cultural analysis of the textbook and is not aimed at evaluating it as the analysis of Grade 10 textbook alone does not provide a panorama of the whole set of Grade 10, Grade ... analysis of the textbook - Suggest supplementary activities for Grade 10 students cross- cultural awareness RESEARCH QUESTIONS The c...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 12:58

... describing discourse markers is a dedicated lexicon that provides a classification of their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features and characterizes the relationships between similar markers ... whereas function words are treated as a part of grammar For dealing with discourse markers, we not regard this distinction as particularly helpful, though As we have ill...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20