PEGylated nano graphene oxide for delivery of water insoluble
PEGylated nano graphene oxide for delivery of water insoluble
... non-covalent binding of SN38 on graphene oxide sheets The slow but finite release of SN38 in serum was likely caused by the binding of SN38 by serum proteins,18 useful for drug delivery NIH-PA Author ... Manuscript The water soluble NGO-PEG-SN38 complex could open up a window to potential use of this drug Graphitic nanocarriers including nanographene sheets and carbon nanotubes afford strong noncovalent ... solution free of NGO Unlike free SN38, which was very insoluble in water, NGO-PEG-SN38 complexes were water soluble at concentrations up to ~1 mg/mL (in terms of SN38) Fluorescence spectra of NGOPEG-SN38...
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NOVEL RESTORATION TECHNOLOGY FOR PUZRIFICATION OF WATER QUALITY IN CLOSED WATER BODY BY HIGH CONCENTRATED OXYGEN WATER
... pressure in the high concentrated oxygen dissolver A valve is set at the outlet of the lab scale high concentrated oxygen dissolver By adjusting this valve, the pressure in the high concentrated oxygen ... m3/d) of high concentrated oxygen water in which the instant DO could be as high as 70 mg/L Samples were taken and pretreated in different ways to verify the effect of high concentrated oxygen water ... tons/day) of high concentrated oxygen water DO concentration in the high concentrated oxygen water achieved 10 mgO2/L Measurement of DO concentration and water temperature confirmed that the high concentrated...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_1 ppt
... for the electrical conductivity of water The concentrations of these ions are very small At −7 25°C, for pure water, there is a concentration of × 10 mole per liter of the hydronium ion and of ... concentrations of 250 mg/L are objectionable, however, would depend upon the degree of acclimation of the user to the water In Antipolo, a barrio of Cebu in the Philippines, the normal source of water of ... Treatment of Water and Wastewater 2.1.26 PRIORITY POLLUTANTS Before the 1970s, control of discharges to receiving bodies of water were not very strict During those times, discharge of partially...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_2 ppt
... downstream end of flume D = width of upstream end of flume E = depth of flume F = length of throat G = length of diverging section K = difference in elevation between lower end of flume and crest of floor ... size of flume (in terms of throat width) A = length of side wall of converging section 2/3A = distance back from end of crest to gage point B = axial length of converging section C = width of downstream ... rate of flow of fluids In wastewater treatment, the choice of flow meters is especially critical because of the solids that are transported by the wastewater flow In all cases, the possibility of solids...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_3 potx
... the pump At 20°C, Pv (vapor pressure of water) = 2.34 kN/m = 0.239 m of water Assume standard atmosphere of atm = 10.34 m of water Therefore, theoretical limit of pump cavitation = − (10.34 − 0.239) ... sectional area of pipe π ( 0.375 ) /4 Assume temperature of water = 25°C; therefore, density of water = 997 kg/m 196 ( 1000 ) 1.36 TDH = - + - = 20.13 m of water 997 ( 9.81 ... Elevation of fluid from a reference datum Specific weight of water pump efficiency Density of water Speed of pump in radians per second absolute or dynamic viscosity PROBLEMS 4.1 4.2 4.3 Water at...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_4 potx
... because of formation of gases, makes solids rise resulting in inefficiency of the basin Thus, in practice, there is a practical range of values of 1.5 to 2.5 h based on the average flow for primary ... of combinations of the values of the elements of Vc[Xc] + Vu[Xc] can occur before the solids reach the critical section of the thickener This combination corresponds to the different speeds of ... concentration of the ambient wastewater at standard pressure Saturation dissolved oxygen concentration of the wastewater in the air saturation tank Coefficient of discharge Coefficient of drag Critical...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_5 ppt
... Projected area of paddle blade Sum of projected areas of paddle blades Length of paddle blade Coefficient of drag Width of paddle blade The diameter of the impeller Diameter of vessel Distance of impeller ... length of the paddle blades of the longest compartment to that of the length of the paddle blades of the middle compartment is 2.6:2, and the ratio of the length of the paddle blades of the middle ... velocity of bubbles Average rise velocity of water Tangential velocity of paddle Paddle tip velocity Volume of tank Volume of bubble Average volume of bubbles in tank Average volume of bubble...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_6 pot
... weight of water Specific weight of particle Specific weight of water Absolute viscosity of water Porosity PROBLEMS 7.1 A consultant decided to recommend using an effective size of 0.55 mm and a uniformity ... Proportionality constant for the inertial force Proportionality constant for the shear force Length of bed Expanded bed depth Filter yield Rate of mass inflow into bed Mass of cake per unit volume of filtrate ... 0.022(q) 2.22 hd = 0.0133(q) for uniform sand, 1.0 mm diameter 2.10 for uniform anthracite, 1.0 mm diameter 2.10 for uniform anthracite, 1.6 mm diameter 2.10 for uniform anthracite, 2.0 mm diameter...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_7 doc
... Index of membrane and boundary layer compressibility Surficial area Time of operation Absolute velocity of bed Absolute superficial velocity of water Relative superficial velocity of flowing water ... Oxford England Bou-Hamad, S., et al (1997) Performance evaluation of three different pretreatment systems for seawater reverse osmosis technique, Desalination Int Symp Pretreatment of Feedwater ... function of the size of the solute molecule • Percentage removal increases as the percent dissociation of the solute molecule increases The degree of dissociation of a molecule is a function of pH,...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_8 docx
... affinity of the solute to form into a solid An example of this operation is the making of ice from liquid water The formation of snow from water vapor in the atmosphere is also a process of crystallization ... performs an experiment for the purpose of determining the value of β of a particular wastewater The [Cos,w] of the wastewater after shaking the jar thoroughly is 7.5 mg/L The temperature of the ... Therefore, 7.5 β = = 0.89 Ans 8.4 Example 9.5 An environmental engineer performs an experiment for the purpose of determining the value of β of a particular wastewater in the mountains of Allegheny...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_9 potx
... Inflow to softening plant Concentration of magnesium in influent from first stage of splittreatment softening plant Concentration of magnesium in treated water Concentration of raw water to softening ... the number of reference species is moles of positive charges for each of these reactions Thus, the equivalent mass of calcium is Ca/2 and the number of equivalents of the MCa mass of calcium ... typical design criteria for softening systems 10.17 SPLIT TREATMENT Water with a high concentration of magnesium is often softened by a process called split treatment Water softening may be done...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_10 docx
... Physical–Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater Coucke, D., et al (1997) Comparison of the different methods for determining the behaviour of water to calcium carbonate Aqua (Oxford) 46, 2, 49–58 ... complex of calcium ion + CaOH Hydroxide complex of calcium ion [∆carb] Moles of carbon dioxide per unit volume of flow required to bring the pH of water to the saturation pH o CaSO Sulfate complex of ... constants of the previous complexes at 25°C For other temperatures, these values must be corrected using the Van’t Hoff equation The use of this equation, however, requires the value of the standard...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_11 potx
... be used Therefore, we now derive the formulas for estimating the volume of sludge produced in coagulation treatment of water Two sources of solids are available for the production of sludge: the ... The amount of pure lime used per cubic meter of water coagulated is 0.016865135 kg The pH of coagulation was adjusted to 8.15 Calculate the value of the current pH of the water A raw water containing ... introduction of the dose, the contents are rapidly mixed at a speed of about 60 to 80 rpm for a period of one minute and then allowed to flocculate at a speed of 30 rpm for a period of 15 minutes...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_12 potx
... reason for the high pH values for the removal of iron as Fe(OH)2 and for the removal of + manganese as Mn(OH)2 is the formation of the complex ions These ions are FeOH + − − and Fe (OH) for the ... added to water Gram equivalents per liter of alkalinity to be added to water Acidity to be added to water Gram equivalents per liter of acidity to be added to water Current alkalinity of water Gram ... Wahlberg (1997) Upgrading of waterworks with a new biooxidation process for removal of manganese and iron Water Science Technol., Proc 1997 Int Conf on Upgrading of Water and Wastewater Syst., May 25–28,...
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Standard Methods for Examination of Water & Wastewater_13 ppt
... liter of suspended solids in raw water Cubic meters of water treated Water of hydration of alum Activity coefficient of the calcium ion Activity coefficient of the hydrogen ion Activity coefficient of ... than the range for the use of either alum or ferric salts 14.8 UNIT OPERATIONS FOR PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL The removal of phosphorus involves provision for the addition of chemicals both for adjusting ... removal of phosphorus Total kilograms of ferric sulfate used for phosphate removal Kilograms of ferric sulfate that react with the calcium bicarbonate alkalinity of the raw water Kilograms of ferric...
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