... two-class word- to -word model, and manually evaluated the content -word links from both models. The IBM models are directional; i.e. they posit the English words that gave rise to each French word, ... link content words with function words. Usually, this is the desired behavior, but words like English auxiliary verbs are sometimes used as content words, giving rise to content words in French. ... application of the word- to -word model can choose its own balance between link token pre- cision and recall. An application that calls on the word- to -word model to link words in a bitext could...