... exchanger and expanded through a turbine,which drives an electric generator. The turbine exhaust is condensed in a surface condenser, and thecondensate is pressurized and ... dissolvedsalts and minerals include sodium, potassium, lithium, chlorides, sulfates, borates, bicarbonates, andsilica. Salinity concentrations can vary from thousands to hundreds of thousands ... fluidized-bed typeexchanger to reduce plant cost. Hybrid plants combining the flashed steam and binary processes havealso been evaluated.The binary process may be an attractive alternative...