America’s Great Depression phần 10 pdf

... month. 15 TABLE 10 AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN 25 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES (100 = 1929) Monetary Real June, 1929 100 .0 100 .7 December, 1929 100 .0 99.8 June, 1930 100 .0 102 .7 December, 1930 98.1 105 .3 June, ... 190–91 Great Britain monetary policies, 117–18, 122, 130, 142–44, 146–47, 149–50, 152–55, 161, 165–66, 175, 181, 258–62, 271, 274 see also Bank of England Great De...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... and 1 910 1912, but also of such severe but brief crises as 1907–1908 and 1819–1821. 1 Yet the Great Depression that ignited in 1929 lasted, in effect, for eleven years. In addition to its great ... reached 10 percent at the deepest trough of previous depressions; yet it sur- passed 20 percent in 1931, and remained above 15 percent until the advent of World War II. xxxvi 1 The depr...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... and contract credit. 10 Under the gold standard, 14 America’s Great Depression 10 It is often maintained that since business firms can find few profitable opportunities in a depression, business ... size of the gold stock. 16 America’s Great Depression depressions. A general price fall, however, is caused by the second- ary, rather than by the inherent, features of depressio...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... stupidly refused to quadruple or quintuple their wage rates! By the time of the depression, then, 44 America’s Great Depression 9 It is immaterial to the argument whether or not the present writer ... factor prices, hastening the recovery, and permitting normal 40 America’s Great Depression of spending. The task of government in a depression, according to the Keynesians, is acco...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... unhampered market would not generate booms and depressions, and, if confronted by a depression 86 America’s Great Depression The Inflationary Factors 107 (largely bank premises and expenses of operation). ... but uncontrolled by the government. 10. Unexpended Capital Funds of the Federal Reserve. They are capital funds of the Federal Reserve not yet expended in assets 106 America...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... the gold inflow into the United States, of which about 40 percent had 146 America’s Great Depression 17 Robbins, The Great Depression, p. 80. 18 Strong to Mellon, May 27, 1924. Quoted in Chandler, ... above 100 percent, but since its inception, the call rate never rose above 30 percent, and very rarely above 10 percent. 30 The call rates were controlled at these 124 America’s...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... that Hoover had now accepted the old A.F. of L. theory that depressions are caused by underconsumption and low 198 America’s Great Depression 25 Ralph Owen Brewster, “Footprints on the Road to ... concludes: “A precedent for federal interven- tion in economic depression was set, rather to the horror of con- servatives.” 21 194 America’s Great Depression 19 See John B. Andrews, “...

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... to intervene. 10 The next year, 1921, saw determined and well organized efforts toward a nationwide cotton cartel. The American Cotton Association, 222 America’s Great Depression 10 See James ... was held on November 21. All the great industrial leaders of the country were there, including such men as Henry Ford, Julius Rosenwald, 210 America’s Great Depression satisfied w...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... and called also for expansion of 276 America’s Great Depression 28 Nash, “Herbert Hoover and the Origins of the RFC”; and Warren, Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression, pp.140ff. assets not legally ... of manufacturing 260 America’s Great Depression 2 The secret relations between Governor Norman and the head of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York continued during the depre...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20

... achievement, and prepared to continue his anti-immigration policy until the depression was over. 40 320 America’s Great Depression 40 Robert A. Divine, American Immigration Policy, 1924–1952 (New ... While claiming to defend the gold standard, Hoover greatly shook public confidence in the dollar and helped foster the ensuing 322 America’s Great Depression on imports imposed as...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 22:20