... microarray analysis identified 209 genes that were differentially expressed in circulating leukocytes from 14 high- versus low-lonely individuals, including up-regulation of genesinvolved in immune ... activation and prolif-eration. Several other indications of immune activationemerged in the set of over-expressed genes, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, granzymes, protein-ases, and ... theme of a highly activated, proliferative phenotype in circulating leu-kocytes from socially isolated individuals by identifying over-representation of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations involvingimmune...