Introduction to GPS The Global Positioning System - Part 2 docx

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 12:17

... result of the changes in the suns radiation and the Earths magnetic field. For example, the F1 layer disappears during the night and is more pronounced in the summer than in the winter [14]. The ... and the navigation mes- sage). However, after the AS activation, the P-code was encrypted to Y-code. This means that the receiver cannot output either the P-code or th...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 14:20

... S. pneumoniae , H. Chapter 113. Introduction to Infectious Diseases: Host–Pathogen Interactions (Part 2) Host Factors in Infection For any infectious process to occur, the pathogen ... gingivitis Phagocytosis (cellular) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic mye logenous leukemia, megaloblastic anemia Streptococcus pneumoniae , H. influenzae...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... Clock II-2 13 2 B-3 Cs II- 21 39 9 A -1 Cs II-4 19 19 A-5 Cs II-22 35 5 B-4 Cs II-5 17 17 D-3 Cs II-23 34 4 D-4 Rb II-8 21 21 E-2 Cs II-24 36 6 C -1 Cs II-9 15 15 D-5 Cs II-25 33 3 C-2 Cs II -1 0 23 23 E-5 ... II-26 40 10 E-3 Cs II -1 1 24 24 D -1 Cs II-27 30 30 B-2 Cs II -1 2 25 25 A-2 Cs II-28 38 8 A-3 Rb II -1 4 26 26 F-2 Rb IIR-2 43 13 F-3 Rb II -1 5 27 27 A-4 Cs IIR-3 46...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... that the P-code is a stream of about 2. 35 ì 10 14 chips! The 26 6-day-long code is divided into 38 segments; each is 1 week long. Of these, 32 segments are assigned to the various GPS satel- lites. ... to GPS the Y-code, which has the same chipping rate as the P-code. This encryp- tion is known as the antispoofing (AS). The GPS navigation message is a data stream...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... circles. Figure 3. 8 shows the sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001, which was 42 Introduction to GPS N 0 33 0 30 0 W270 240 210 180 S 150 120 90 E 60 30 Figure 3. 8 GPS sky plot for Toronto on April 13, 2001. ... precision of the GPS positioning at the one-sigma (1-s) level. To obtain the precision at the 2-s level, sometimes referred to as approxi- mately...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... clear from the definition of the x and z axes that the xz-plane contains the mean Greenwich meridian. The y-axis is selected to make the coordinate system right-handed (i.e., 90° east of the x-axis, ... meridian Figure 4. 8 UTM projection. 1 180 W° 176 W° 168 W° 162 W° 23  Equator Figure 4. 9 UTM zoning. 4. 2.2 The WGS 84 and NAD 83 systems The World Geodetic Syst...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... latter. 5. 5 Stop-and-go GPS surveying Stop-and-go surveying is another carrier-phase-based relative positioning technique. It also employs two or more GPS receivers simultaneously tracking the same ... solution, 76 Introduction to GPS Base (fixed) Rover (moving) Figure 5. 5 Stop-and-go GPS surveying. The expected accuracy from a geodetic quality receiver is typically 5...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... Tiberius, A New Way to Fix Carrier-Phase Ambiguities, GPS World, Vol. 6, No. 4, April 1995, pp. 58 61 . [5] DeLoach, S. R., D. Wells, and D. Dodd, Why On -the- Fly? GPS World, Vol. 6, No. 5, May 1995, ... are the real-valued numbers along with their uncertainty parameters (so-called covariance matrix) only. These real-valued numbers are in fact difficult to separate from the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... broadcasting the real-time DGPS cor- rections of their WADGPS system [6]. The system is based on using the already existing FM radio broadcasts to deliver the DGPS corrections to local users (Figure 7. 4). ... in the L-band. To access either service, a subscriber needs the system data receiver to receive and decode the DGPS corrections. The data receiver must be...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... -8 941.716559 19453 .85 6 287 -1 5733 .87 0061 1.569531 P 13 70 38. 374572 23279.495964 1 080 6 .82 1255 -0 .82 2725 P 14 -1 4521.250452 -7 1 58. 053525 -2 0 986 .923406 -9 7 .89 186 4 P 18 -1 9 581 .5 389 63 -1 7313 .82 57 18 ... 139 68. 983 112 183 15.041573 15.9 988 05 P 4 23740.479526 -3 537 .87 486 6 -1 1560.053546 700.699352 P 5 -3 512 .82 7227 -1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... September 19 22, 2000, pp. 22522262. [11] Driscoll, C., Wireless Caller Location Systems, GPS World,Vol .9, No. 10, October 199 8, pp. 44 49. GPS Integration 127 9 GPS Integration GPS has found ... trees Contours FH Roads Figure 9. 1 GPS/ GIS integration. Figure 9. 2 GPS/ LRF integration. provided that the real-time DGPS corrections can be received. Once the processing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... of the integrated system is a GPS- based real-time fleet-monitoring system. Low-cost standalone GPS receivers may be used, as only low-accuracy positioning information is needed. To avoid GPS ... the integrated GPS/ inertial system. The latter system, LIDAR, uses an airborne laser scan- ner to measure the altitude of the points above the ground level [16]. Com- bi...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... receivers use the frequency channel rather than the code to distinguish the satellites. The chipping rates for the P-code and the C/A-code are 5 .11 and 0. 511 Mbps, respectively. The GLONASS navigation ... problems with GPS/ GLONASS integration. The first one is that both GPS and GLONASS systems use dif- ferent coordinate frames to express the position of their sat...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... Team-Fly đ Appendix A GPS Accuracy and Precision Measures The term accuracy is used to express the degree of closeness of a measure- ment, or the obtained solution, to the true value. The ... equivalent to 100m (2drms) for a ratio of 2.5. The spherical error probable (SEP) is used to express the accuracy of the 3-D case. SEP means that there is a 50% chance tha...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22