Transoesophageal Echocardiography study guide and practice mcqs phần 10 pptx

... half time 104 severity assessment 104 –5 aortic regurgitant fraction 104 , 105 aortic stenosis 77, 101 –3 aetiology 101 –2 assessment 103 equations 141 features 102 peak pressure gradient 103 , 102 –3 severity ... 98 101 aetiology 98 Carpentier classification 98–9, 109 diastolic 101 effective regurgitant orifice 100 equations 141 regurgitant fraction 100 regurgitant volum...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... Transoesophageal Echocardiography Study Guide and Practice Questions Dr Andrew Roscoe, F.R.C.A Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK Transoesophageal Echocardiography Transoesophageal ... in perioperative echocardiography against an objective standard, and all of them consist of two parts. With the practical part, the candidate mus...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... difference between mean and max. values (Fig. 1.2) Decibel (dB) = logarithmic relative unit of measure of A i.e. difference between two values e.g. ↑ by 30 dB =↑Aby10× 10 × 10 ( 100 0) Determined by ... 1.1) Transthoracic echo (TTE) ∼ 2–5 MHz Transoesophageal echo (TOE) ∼ 3.5–7 MHz Sound is described by Propagation speed (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) 10 Transoesophageal Ech...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... energy Reception:acoustic → electrical energy 24 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 100 lines/frame = 100 pulses/frame → 1 picture Nottrue for multiple focus beam systems and colour imaging because multiple ... along pathway signal is returning from 26 Transoesophageal Echocardiography High temporal resolution = 100 0×/second Ideal for imaging localized areas of heart and analys...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... cavitation bubbles expand and burst → highly localized violent effects mechanical index = quantification of cavitation effects Electrical hazards Uncommon 34 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Velocity ... Doppler to the image D reducing sector size E increasing line density 46 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Safety Contraindications and complications Absolute contraindications (1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... persistent left SVC 66 Transoesophageal Echocardiography ECG PWD S2 S1 D A Fig. 3.20 Pulmonary veins Four veins: 2 right–upper and lower (RUPV and RLPV) 2 left–upper and lower (LUPV and LLPV) 2% ... 3.13) Normal anatomy and physiology 57 Three-chamber ( 110 140 ° ) A2 P2 (d) Five-chamber (0 ° and anteflex) A1 P1 A2 P2 (e) Fig. 3.9a, b, c, d, e (cont.) MVLmotio...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... stress 72 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 4. The left ventricular walls seen from the standard two chamber view (at 90 ◦ )are A inferior and lateral B anterior and lateral C posterior and anteroseptal D ... following three coronary cusps A left, right and anterior B left, right and posterior C anterior, posterior and non- D superior, inferior and non- E left, right and n...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... size and systolic function Restriction to RV and LV filling Echo-dense RV and LV walls Amyloidosis Deposition of abnormal proteins between myocardial fibres, in PMs, in conductive tissue and in ... pericardium Increased RV and LV wall thickness ‘Speckled’/granular appearance RV/LV size and systolic function normal Biatrial dilatation Diffuse valvular thickening (MV and TV) Small/m...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... 1–2 cm/s B 6–9 cm/s C 10 20 cm/s D 60–90 cm/s E 1–1.2 m/s 12. Regarding heart valve surgery A St Jude valve is an example of a bileaflet tilting disc 104 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Infective ... degeneration/calcification duration ∼ 5 10 yrs (2) Bovine: Ionescu–Shiley bovine pericardium calcification/abrasions → stenosis and regurgitation duration ∼ 5 10 yrs Mechanical valves (...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) Immediately inferior to PV and AV (LCC and RCC) = infundibular VSD Infracristal Inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) (1) Membranous: ... atrium and the superior vena cava E a thebesian valve may inhibit retrograde coronary sinus cannulation 4. Regarding cardiac vegetations A transthoracic echocardiography is more sensiti...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20