Transoesophageal Echocardiography study guide and practice mcqs phần 9 pdf

... crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) Immediately inferior to PV and AV (LCC and RCC) = infundibular VSD Infracristal Inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) (1) Membranous: ... atrium and the superior vena cava E a thebesian valve may inhibit retrograde coronary sinus cannulation 4. Regarding cardiac vegetations A transthoracic echocardiography is more sensiti...

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... scarring often causes wall thickening greater than 9 mm 5. A normal isovolumic relaxation time is A 7 9 µs B 70 90 µs C 0.7–0 .9 ms D 7 9 ms E 70 90 ms 6. Isovolumic relaxation A commences when the ... pericardium Increased RV and LV wall thickness ‘Speckled’/granular appearance RV/LV size and systolic function normal Biatrial dilatation Diffuse valvular thickening (MV and TV) Smal...

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... Transoesophageal Echocardiography Study Guide and Practice Questions Dr Andrew Roscoe, F.R.C.A Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK Transoesophageal Echocardiography Transoesophageal ... in perioperative echocardiography against an objective standard, and all of them consist of two parts. With the practical part, the candidate mus...

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... I Clinically: Soft tissue IRC = 1% ITC = 99 % Bone IRC = 99 % ITC = 1% With a 90 ◦ incident angle, reflection only occurs if Z 1 = Z 2 Greater the difference between Z 1 and Z 2 →↑IRC IRC (%) = [(Z 2 − ... (absorption and reflection) air/lung (scatter) Physics of ultrasound 9 Highest I SPTP SPPA SPTA SATP SAPA Lowest I SATA SPTA relevant to tissue heating For CW: SPTP = SPTA and SA...

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... 20 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Steering = slope Focusing = curvature Fig. 1.18 Physics of ultrasound 29 A A Threshold Fig. 1. 29 Display Cathode ray tubes ... (f D ) The magnitude and direction of f D is related to the velocity and direction of the moving object (Fig. 1.30) f D = 2 vf O cos θ/c Physics of ultrasound 33 Allows high V max (up to 9 m/s) without ... along...

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... cavitation bubbles expand and burst → highly localized violent effects mechanical index = quantification of cavitation effects Electrical hazards Uncommon 34 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Velocity ... mmHg RA SaO 2 = 75% Left ventricle (Fig. 3.3) LV pressure = 120/10 LV Sa O 2 = 97 % LV FS% (Mmode) ≈ 30–45% Guidelines and safety 47 Biological effects Dosimetry = science of identif...

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... persistent left SVC 66 Transoesophageal Echocardiography ECG PWD S2 S1 D A Fig. 3.20 Pulmonary veins Four veins: 2 right–upper and lower (RUPV and RLPV) 2 left–upper and lower (LUPV and LLPV) 2% ... > LV C n Normal anatomy and physiology 65 Right PA Left PA 9 13 mm 8–16 mm Main PA Asc 12–23 mm aorta Annulus 11–17 mm RVOT 14– 29 mm Fig. 3. 19 Descen...

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... stress 72 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 4. The left ventricular walls seen from the standard two chamber view (at 90 ◦ )are A inferior and lateral B anterior and lateral C posterior and anteroseptal D ... myocardial scintigraphy (Tec -99 ) = ‘hot-spot’ imaging perfusion scintigraphy (Th-201) = ‘cold-spot’ imaging radionuclide angiography (Tec -99 ) = assesses LV function, CO,...

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... is A 1–2 cm/s B 6 9 cm/s C 10–20 cm/s D 60 90 cm/s E 1–1.2 m/s 12. Regarding heart valve surgery A St Jude valve is an example of a bileaflet tilting disc 104 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Infective ... anticoagulation good durability 118 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Left-sided lesions with bronchial carcinoid/ASD/PFO Endocardial thickening causing fixation of TV and PV TR...

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... equation 96 equations 141 features 94 –5 severity assessment 95 –8 mitral valve 53 9 area 95 , 96 –7, 98 cleft 122 colour flow Doppler area 96 congenital defects 122 depressurization time 96 disease 94 –101 equations ... classification 98 9, 1 09 diastolic 101 effective regurgitant orifice 100 equations 141 regurgitant fraction 100 regurgitant volume 99 –100 severity assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20