Transoesophageal Echocardiography study guide and practice mcqs phần 7 pdf

... wall thickening greater than 9 mm 5. A normal isovolumic relaxation time is A 7 9 µs B 70 –90 µs C 0 .7 0.9 ms D 7 9 ms E 70 –90 ms 6. Isovolumic relaxation A commences when the mitral valve closes B ... size and systolic function Restriction to RV and LV filling Echo-dense RV and LV walls Amyloidosis Deposition of abnormal proteins between myocardial fibres, in PMs, in conductive tis...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) Immediately inferior to PV and AV (LCC and RCC) = infundibular VSD Infracristal Inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) (1) Membranous: ... atrium and the superior vena cava E a thebesian valve may inhibit retrograde coronary sinus cannulation 4. Regarding cardiac vegetations A transthoracic echocardiography is more sensiti...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... Transoesophageal Echocardiography Study Guide and Practice Questions Dr Andrew Roscoe, F.R.C.A Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK Transoesophageal Echocardiography Transoesophageal ... in perioperative echocardiography against an objective standard, and all of them consist of two parts. With the practical part, the candidate mus...

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... 1.1) Transthoracic echo (TTE) ∼ 2–5 MHz Transoesophageal echo (TOE) ∼ 3.5 7 MHz Sound is described by Propagation speed (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m) 10 Transoesophageal Echocardiography (i) Specular ... (PRF) pulse repetition period (PRP) 8 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Hi g h intensit y Low intensit y Fig. 1.6 Intensity High intensity Low intensity Fig. 1 .7 Proper...

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... distance – ↓ringing →↓SPL →↓LARRD distance LARRD (mm) = SPL/2 LARRD (mm) = 0 .77 × ringing/ f (MHz) 32 Transoesophageal Echocardiography CW PW Wraparound Vel + − Fig. 1.31 ‘Aliasing’ When f D exceeds ... along pathway signal is returning from 26 Transoesophageal Echocardiography High temporal resolution = 1000×/second Ideal for imaging localized areas of heart and analysing time-r...

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... IABP, ICD or PA catheters Physics of ultrasound 41 7 At a depth of 10 cm, the pulse repetition frequency is A 3 .75 Hz B 7. 5 Hz C 3 .75 kHz D 7. 5 kHz E 75 00 kHz 8 When the pulse repetition period is ... cavitation bubbles expand and burst → highly localized violent effects mechanical index = quantification of cavitation effects Electrical hazards Uncommon 34 Transoesophageal Echoc...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... persistent left SVC 66 Transoesophageal Echocardiography ECG PWD S2 S1 D A Fig. 3.20 Pulmonary veins Four veins: 2 right–upper and lower (RUPV and RLPV) 2 left–upper and lower (LUPV and LLPV) 2% ... 4.2cm 3.7cm Fig. 3.2 Four-chamber view Systole Diastole Basal (cm) 3.2 4 .7 Mid (cm) 3.1 4.2 Basal Length (cm) 6.1 7. 8 Area (cm 2 ) 17 33 Mid Length (a) Normal a...

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... > 70 mm FS < 30% (5) Hypertension ↑wall stress 72 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 4. The left ventricular walls seen from the standard two chamber view (at 90 ◦ )are A inferior and lateral B ... following three coronary cusps A left, right and anterior B left, right and posterior C anterior, posterior and non- D superior, inferior and non- E left, right and non- 12....

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... typically 1–2 cm B the jet area is 4 7 cm 2 C the regurgitant fraction is 50 75 % D there is reversal of pulmonary vein flow S wave E the vena contracta is 0.5–0 .75 cm 5. Causes of aortic stenosis ... anticoagulation good durability 118 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Left-sided lesions with bronchial carcinoid/ASD/PFO Endocardial thickening causing fixation of TV and PV TR universal...

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... wave 67 absorption 9–10 acoustic variables 1 aliasing 32, 36 amplification 27 8 amplitude of sound 4 amyloidosis 91, 92 aneurysm 136 post-myocardial infarction 79 angiography 77 angiosarcoma 1 17 annular ... 119 exercise, left ventricular function 77 Fallot’s tetralogy 124–5 fibroma 116 flow equations 141 focusing of transducers 16– 17 foramen ovale, patent 1 27 fractional shortening...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20