Transoesophageal Echocardiography study guide and practice mcqs phần 6 potx

... stress 72 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 4. The left ventricular walls seen from the standard two chamber view (at 90 ◦ )are A inferior and lateral B anterior and lateral C posterior and anteroseptal D ... following three coronary cusps A left, right and anterior B left, right and posterior C anterior, posterior and non- D superior, inferior and non- E left, right and n...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... cm 2 (3) Jet length/RA length Mild <33% Moderate 33 66 % Severe > ;66 % (4) Jetarea/RA area Mild < 33% Moderate 33 66 % Severe > 66 % (5) Systolic flow reversal in IVC/hepatic vein = severe ... valve Fallot’s tetralogy 108 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Table 6. 5 Assessment of pulmonary insufficiency by regurgitant fraction (RF) RF (%) Mild <40 Moderate 40 60 Severe &g...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... Transoesophageal Echocardiography Study Guide and Practice Questions Dr Andrew Roscoe, F.R.C.A Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK Transoesophageal Echocardiography Transoesophageal ... 13 Imaging 22 Doppler 29 Artefacts 35 2 Guidelines and safety 44 Indications 44 Safety 46 3 Normal anatomy and physiology 50 Chambers 50 Valves...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... average (TA), i.e. average of ‘on’ and ‘off’ For CW: TP = TA (3) Pulse – U/S beam has average I for duration of pulse (‘on’) = pulse average (PA) 6 Transoesophageal Echocardiography PRP PD ‘off ’ Fig. ... repetition frequency (PRF) pulse repetition period (PRP) 8 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Hi g h intensit y Low intensit y Fig. 1 .6 Intensity High intensity Low intensit...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... along pathway signal is returning from 26 Transoesophageal Echocardiography High temporal resolution = 1000×/second Ideal for imaging localized areas of heart and analysing time-related events 2-D ... energy Reception:acoustic → electrical energy 24 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 100 lines/frame = 100 pulses/frame → 1 picture Nottrue for multiple focus beam systems and colour...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... cavitation bubbles expand and burst → highly localized violent effects mechanical index = quantification of cavitation effects Electrical hazards Uncommon 34 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Velocity ... Doppler to the image D reducing sector size E increasing line density 46 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Safety Contraindications and complications Absolute contraindications...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... persistent left SVC 66 Transoesophageal Echocardiography ECG PWD S2 S1 D A Fig. 3.20 Pulmonary veins Four veins: 2 right–upper and lower (RUPV and RLPV) 2 left–upper and lower (LUPV and LLPV) 2% ... wall and pericardium Normal CS < 10 mm diam Doppler flow composed of S, D and A waves (Fig. 3.21) CS dilated with: RV dysfunction increased RAP increased volume flow, e.g....

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... pressure gradient (MG) and mitral valve area (MVA) Severity MG (mmHg) MVA (cm 2 ) Normal 0 4 6 Mild < ;6 2–4 Moderate 6 12 1–2 Severe > 12 <1 A E CWD Fig. 6. 1 Rheumatic MS Calcification of MV and subvalvular ... 4V 2 Use mean pressure gradient (MG) (Table 6. 1) Trace around E and A waves (Fig. 6. 1) Underestimates degree of MS if AI present 86 Transoesophageal Echo...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) Immediately inferior to PV and AV (LCC and RCC) = infundibular VSD Infracristal Inferior and posterior to crista supraventricularis (Fig. 8.2) (1) Membranous: ... atrium and the superior vena cava E a thebesian valve may inhibit retrograde coronary sinus cannulation 4. Regarding cardiac vegetations A transthoracic echocardiography is more sensiti...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... 19 aorta 63 –5 aneurysm 1 36 ascending 63 atherosclerosis 1 36 coarctation 1 26 descending 65 disease 1 36 7 dissection 1 36 7 flow reversal 104, 105 transposition of the great arteries 125 aortic arch 64 aneurysm ... B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. E 11. E 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. D 1 46 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Chapter 9 1. A 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. E Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20