Transoesophageal Echocardiography study guide and practice mcqs phần 4 pot

... cavitation bubbles expand and burst → highly localized violent effects mechanical index = quantification of cavitation effects Electrical hazards Uncommon 34 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Velocity ... ischaemia bradycardia arrhythmias bacteraemia (3) equipment damage 40 Transoesophageal Echocardiography D. 14. 5 mm/µs E. 1. 54 cm/µs 2. Audible sound has a frequency of A 2–20...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... average (TA), i.e. average of ‘on’ and ‘off’ For CW: TP = TA (3) Pulse – U/S beam has average I for duration of pulse (‘on’) = pulse average (PA) 6 Transoesophageal Echocardiography PRP PD ‘off ’ Fig. ... ↑‘off’ time) ↑image depth DF = 100% = continuous wave (CW) U/S DF = 0% = machine off 4 Transoesophageal Echocardiography A Amplitude Peak-to-peak amplitude Fig. 1.2 Amplitude...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... Transoesophageal Echocardiography 4. The left ventricular walls seen from the standard two chamber view (at 90 ◦ )are A inferior and lateral B anterior and lateral C posterior and anteroseptal D inferior and ... following three coronary cusps A left, right and anterior B left, right and posterior C anterior, posterior and non- D superior, inferior and non- E left, right...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... cm Moderate 3 4. 5 cm Severe > ;4. 5 cm (2) Jet area Trivial <2cm 2 Mild 2 4 cm 2 Moderate 4 10 cm 2 Severe > 10 cm 2 (3) Jet length/RA length Mild <33% Moderate 33–66% Severe >66% (4) Jetarea/RA ... valve Fallot’s tetralogy 108 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Table 6.5 Assessment of pulmonary insufficiency by regurgitant fraction (RF) RF (%) Mild < ;40 Moderate 40...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... Transoesophageal Echocardiography Study Guide and Practice Questions Dr Andrew Roscoe, F.R.C.A Consultant in Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK Transoesophageal Echocardiography Transoesophageal ... 13 Imaging 22 Doppler 29 Artefacts 35 2 Guidelines and safety 44 Indications 44 Safety 46 3 Normal anatomy and physiology 50 Chambers 50 Va...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... energy Reception:acoustic → electrical energy 24 Transoesophageal Echocardiography 100 lines/frame = 100 pulses/frame → 1 picture Nottrue for multiple focus beam systems and colour imaging because multiple ... along pathway signal is returning from 26 Transoesophageal Echocardiography High temporal resolution = 1000×/second Ideal for imaging localized areas of heart and analysin...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... persistent left SVC 66 Transoesophageal Echocardiography ECG PWD S2 S1 D A Fig. 3.20 Pulmonary veins Four veins: 2 right–upper and lower (RUPV and RLPV) 2 left–upper and lower (LUPV and LLPV) 2% ... 3.2 4. 7 Mid (cm) 3.1 4. 2 Basal Length (cm) 6.1 7.8 Area (cm 2 ) 17 33 Mid Length (a) Normal anatomy and physiology 61 Rapid acceleration Slower deceleration Vel...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... size and systolic function Restriction to RV and LV filling Echo-dense RV and LV walls Amyloidosis Deposition of abnormal proteins between myocardial fibres, in PMs, in conductive tissue and in ... pericardium Increased RV and LV wall thickness ‘Speckled’/granular appearance RV/LV size and systolic function normal Biatrial dilatation Diffuse valvular thickening (MV and TV) Small/m...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... atrium and the superior vena cava E a thebesian valve may inhibit retrograde coronary sinus cannulation 4. Regarding cardiac vegetations A transthoracic echocardiography is more sensitive than transoesophageal ... pressure → This fall transmitted to IPP → Expansion of RA and RV into pericardial space →↑Venous return to right side 1 24 Transoesophageal Echocardiography TOEassessm...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20

... C 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. D 146 Transoesophageal Echocardiography Chapter 9 1. A 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. E Chapter 10 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B MCQ answers 145 Chapter 4 1. D 2. ... reversal 1 04, 105 transposition of the great arteries 125 aortic arch 64 aneurysm 136 disease 136 aortic incompetence 77, 105 equations 141 aortic insufficiency 103–5 aetiology 1...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:20