... names and birthdates), 44 1 Data conversion, 48 rules, 480 Data file, 399 closing, 400 creating, 40 1 low-level, 399 opening, 399 processing, 407 reading, 402 standard, 399 stream-oriented, ... file), 399 Stream-oriented data file, 399 , 401 String arrays, 244 initialization of, 3 1 1 String constants, 27, 32 and null characters, 33 String: input, 89 of characters, encoding, 1 39 ... Subtract the value of b from the value of a. Add the values of b and c, then multiply the sum by the value of a. Add the values of b and c and multiply the sum by the value of a. Then...